中国人类学研究50年回顾

人类学在中国已经走过了近一个世纪的历程.前半世纪是人类学从西方传入中国,开始起步发展和传播的时期,在"抗战"前后达到中国人类学研究的第一个峰值;后半世纪中国人类学经历了坎坷曲折的发展过程,在文化大革命期间跌落至谷底,本世纪80年代,中国人类学研究重获新生,并于90年代后期在中国学术界的影响与日俱增.经历了大起大落之后,中国人类学在面向21世纪之时,在新的起点上正逐渐走向规范化、体系化及本土化,并以崭新的姿态准备充实现代国际人类学的理论和方法、为中国人类学研究做出相应的贡献.回顾和反思这一历程将有助于我们进一步深刻地认识中国人类学的历史地位、社会价值及总结经验教训,为中国人类学在新世纪的发展提供借鉴和建设性的参考意见.     

DNA Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG): an update of the recommendations on the use of Y-STRs in forensic analysis

The DNA Commission of the International Society of Forensic Genetics (ISFG) regularly publishes guidelines and recommendations concerning the application of DNA polymorphisms to the problems of human identification. A previous recommendation published in 2001 has already addressed Y-chromosome polymorphisms, with particular emphasis on short tandem repeats (STRs). Since then, the use of Y-STRs has become very popular, and a numerous new loci have been introduced. The current recommendations address important aspects to clarify problems regarding the nomenclature, the definition of loci and alleles, population genetics and reporting methods.     

Administrative review process for adjudicating initial disability claims. Final rule

The Social Security Administration is committed to providing the high quality of service the American people expect and deserve. In light of the significant growth in the number of disability claims and the increased complexity of those claims, the need to make substantial changes in our disability determination process has become urgent. We are publishing a final rule that amends our administrative review process for applications for benefits that are based on whether you are disabled under title II of the Social Security Act (the Act), or applications for supplemental security income (SSI) payments that are based on whether you are disabled or blind under title XVI of the Act. We expect that this final rule will improve the accuracy, consistency, and timeliness of decision-making throughout the disability determination process.     

Brain distribution of selected antipsychotics in schizophrenia

The brain distribution of phenothiazine antipsychotics in 22 confirmed schizophrenic and 11 control subjects were collected at autopsy. Specimens were homogenized, extracted with n-butyl chloride, and analyzed via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry, using atmospheric pressure electrospray ionization operating in the positive mode. Drug concentrations normalized for those observed in cerebellum showed three distinct patterns of distribution corresponding to different structural features of each type of phenothiazine. Those drugs with high affinity for dopamine receptors were detected in the highest concentrations in regions with high concentrations of such receptors. However, those associated with relatively lower dopaminergic activity were found in the highest concentration in the occipital cortex, a region with a relatively low concentration of dopamine receptors. The regional brain distribution of thioridazine and its metabolites was concentration dependent. These results have implications for determining the role of these drugs in the sudden and unexpected deaths of schizophrenics.     

"非典"心理意义的性别比较

本研究采用联想组合分析法,比较了“非典”一词在“非典”期间对男女大学生的心理意义,受试为京、沪、穗、港、台520名大学生。结果发现,男性的非典视角以“病”为中心,重“硬”信息,重群体控制和治疗;女性的非典视角以“人”为中心,重“软”信息,重个人预防。在主观反应中,男性的负面情绪联想高于女性;女性的负面判断联想高于男性。这些结果与以往应激反应中“脆弱性”的性别差异研究有所不同,可从社会性别视角加以解释。     

Federal employees health benefits children's equity. Final rule

The Office of Personnel Management (OPM) is issuing final regulations to implement the Federal Employees Health Benefits Children's Equity Act of 2000, which was enacted October 30, 2000. This law mandates the enrollment of a Federal employee for self and family coverage in the Federal Employees Health Benefits (FEHB) Program, if the employee is subject to a court or administrative order requiring him or her to provide health benefits for his or her child or children and the employee does not provide documentation of compliance with the order.     

论医疗民事责任的判定--医方承担医疗民事责任的范畴及认定标准

本文指出医方承担医疗民事责任的范围不应仅仅局限于医疗事故,还应包括其他一些因医方医疗行为所导致患者合法权益受损害的民事赔偿责任.从承担医疗违约责任和医疗侵权责任两个方面来讨论医疗民事责任,主张引进"善良注意义务"的医疗判断标准;将医方的告知义务区分为必须的告知义务与一般的告知义务,认为医方只对违反了必须的告知义务才承担相应的民事责任.