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Sylvie Naar-King Louise Silvern Victor Ryan Deborah Sebring 《Journal of family violence》2002,17(2):133-149
There has been little previous research about histories of child maltreatment and psychological symptoms in adolescent psychiatric patients. This study investigated whether type and characteristics of child physical and/or sexual abuse predicted individual differences in symptoms. Participants were 187 patients in day or residential treatment facilities. Abuse was assessed using structured interviews with the adolescent, the therapist, and the caseworker. Participants completed a standardized, self-report measure of internalizing and externalizing symptoms. Adolescents with histories of dual abuse (i.e., sexual and physical abuse) had elevated depression and anxiety compared with nonabused patients. Histories of any type of abuse were associated with elevated posttraumatic symptoms. Among physically abused patients, severity and duration of abuse predicted individual differences in depression and anxiety, whereas severity and concomitant sexual abuse predicted elevated posttraumatic symptoms. Among sexually abused patients, the characteristics of sexual abuse did not predict individual differences in symptoms. Thus, child abuse, particularly dual abuse and severe physical abuse, predicted elevated internalizing symptoms, even in comparison with other adolescent psychiatric patients. The need for replication is discussed. 相似文献
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Gennaro F. Vito Ronald M. Holmes Deborah G. Wilson 《American Journal of Criminal Justice》1985,9(2):152-162
Previous studies of shock probation have reported mixed effects with regard to recidivism rates. This particular study compared
the attributes of a sample of shock and regular probationers and discovered that type of probation was not significantly related
to rearrest rates. 相似文献
225.
Simon Davis 《Diplomacy & Statecraft》2006,17(1):31-72
Diplomatic histories identify an early cold war “paradigm shift” as restoring the troubled Anglo-American “special relationship.” However, an integrated analysis of Second World War and post-war Iran suggests continuity in ideologically based Anglo-American differences on the reconstruction of the postwar world economic periphery, and that this was the defining context for crucially elusive relations during successive crises to come. The Americans had embraced Iran as an exemplar of “new deal internationalism,” being as much opposed to competing British neo-imperialist political and economic models there as to Soviet encroachments. They continued to identify autonomous British policies and interests antipathetically during the early cold war period and beyond, not merely out of economic self-interest, but at crucial moments disavowing geopolitical realpolitik. This perplex also determined during future crises of British power, in Iran and throughout the Middle East, that US interests would shift to new relationships, whenever having to decide, with indigenous peripheral actors rather than neo-imperialist European allies, precluding institutionalized, comprehensive Anglo-American partnership, which Britain had hoped would preserve and extend its role as a regional power. 相似文献
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Deborah C. Poff 《Critical Criminology》1990,2(1):93-104
This paper discusses two interrelated problems. First, it discusses the impact the Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms
has had on women's social and economic status. Second, it discusses the role feminists can play in changing the face of the
Canadian justice system. With regard to the first of these issues, it is observed that considerable evidence suggests that
women's economic position has not improved in recent years. Women continue to be paid less men, are less likely than men to
have access to employer pension plans, and are more likely to be included among those with incomes below the poverty line.
The Charter has done little to change this. With regard to the role feminists can play in changing the justice system, it
is argued that feminists must continue to channel at least some of their energy through the Supreme Court of Canada, even
though the ultimate goals of feminism require a radical departure from and a transformation of the theories of justice. 相似文献
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The Federal Sentencing Guidelines were developed to provide uniform and standardized punishments for eliminating sentence disparities based on legally irrelevant factors. While research at the individual level showed that extralegal factors continued to affect sentence outcomes, no such research determined if these factors influenced sentencing of organizational offenders. This article extends the unit of analysis beyond the individual and toward organizational offenders to determine if total fine amounts are affected by extralegal organizational characteristics. Relying on post-1991 organizational defendant's data, the findings indicated both legal and extralegal factors significantly affected fine outcomes for organizational offenders. As expected, several legal factors significantly affected fine outcomes. At least two extralegal variables, economically solvent and closely held organizations, however, exerted significant effects in predicting the total fine amount imposed. Similar to research at the individual level, this study indicated that extralegal or legally irrelevant factors had some level of impact upon sentencing under the guidelines. 相似文献