氘代内标在法庭毒物分析的应用

法庭毒物分析实验室内部进行质量控制是保证毒物分析结果准确、可靠的重要手段,在毒物分析中使用内标法进行质量控制是最有效方法。内标法使用的最佳内标物是与被测物结构性质极相近的氘取代物,即氘代内标。本文综述了氘代内标在法庭毒物分析中的应用与研制进展,阐述了研制具有自主知识产权的氘代内标试剂,可降低对国外试剂的依赖度,促进我国法庭毒物分析质量控制的发展,产生良好的社会效益和经济效益。     

统一战线与党的建设研究

中共十七届四中全会通过的《中共中央关于加强和改进新形势下党的建设若干重大问题的决定》,是新世纪新阶段中国共产党根据国内外局势和党的建设的实际,全面贯彻党的十七大精神,深入贯彻落实科学发展观,有效应对国际金融危机冲击、保持经济平稳较快发展,夺取全面建设小康社会新胜利、开创中国特色社会主义事业新局面而制定的战略决策。统一战线历来是党的总路线、总政策的重要组成部分,是夺取我国革命和建设事业胜利的法宝。在新世纪新阶段的历史时期,从历史与政治的角度认真研究统一战线与党的建设的关系,进一步深刻认识统一战线在建设有中国特色的社会主义事业中的特殊作用,有着重要的战略意义。     

我国传统医药知识保护的立法模式探讨

目前,我国已将传统医药知识保护纳入国家知识产权战略研究的视野,故而在从立法层面考虑我国传统医药知识保护制度的建立时,我们不得不面临立法模式的选择：是单独立法还是纳入统一的传统知识保护制度?是在现有知识产权框架之内还是在其之外设立这种保护制度?等等。本文认为,传统知识的丰富性和多样性决定了一个共同的规则很难确定,我国传统医药知识保护制度宜采用单独立法模式,在现有知识产权框架之外建立知识产权专门保护制度。     

论轻缓刑事政策对未成年人犯罪的适用

我国刑法中的未成年人犯罪是指已满14周岁不满18周岁的人犯罪。目前我国已满14周岁不满18周岁的未成年人约有近亿人,近年来未成年人犯罪一直呈上升趋势,这一现象已引起国家有关部门及全社会的重视。我国坚持并在世界上首先明确倡导了综合治理犯罪问题和整个社会治安问题的方针,针对由多种错综复杂的因素所制约和影响而产生和加剧的未成年人犯罪问题,我国更是强调应当采取综合治理的对策。对未成年人犯罪的综合治理,无疑是整个社会治安综合治理宏伟工程中非常重要的一个分支工程。在对未成年人犯罪的综合治理中,适用轻缓刑事政策,成为必不可少的一项十分重要的内容,它是构建和谐社会的一项重要内容之一。     

历史唯物主义视域中的“现实的个人”

"现实的个人"之于历史唯物主义具有极其重要的意义,历史唯物主义实际上是以"现实的个人"为逻辑起点、以"现实的个人"的实践活动为逻辑演进线索、以"每一个个人的全面而自由的发展"为理论旨趣的哲学思想,其每一个主要环节都彰显着浓厚的"以人为本"的价值取向和强烈的现实问题意识,这使它成为时代精神的精华和具有持久的生命力。在当下,重新关注和研究历史唯物主义视域中的"现实的个人"问题,从经典文本的解读中为社会主义核心价值理念奠定坚实的理论依据,无疑具有重要的现实意蕴。     

Comparative Study on Chinese and U.S. Media

China and the United States are two countries with quite different histories, philosophies, values and political systems and because of these difference, the two countries have two quite different media. The most notable or maybe the most fundamental difference lies in the relationships of these two media with their respective govemmentso The Chinese medium is often a part of the government and the U.S.＇ medium is basically privatively owned. This makes them almost two different things, like an apple and an orange. In most of the case, one can not use one as the standard to criticize the other and vice versa.     

间接正犯理论问题的思考

间接正犯的表现形式有利用无责任能力或未达刑事责任年龄的人实行犯罪、利用不知情者实行犯罪、利用有责任能力的人的故意行为实行犯罪、利用他人的阻却违法事由实施犯罪。对于以身份作为构成要件的犯罪能否成立间接正犯，应该区别对待。在利用他人犯罪的故意的支配下，开始实施利用他人犯罪行为，就是间接正犯的着手。在间接正犯的认识错误的情况下，对利用者应以间接正犯论处，被利用者构成犯罪的，依法单独论处。     

水、油污中无电流斑电击死大鼠皮肤和心肌的病变

目的探讨水中、油污中无电流斑电击死法医学鉴定的病理形态学依据。方法 SD大鼠28只,分为水中、油污中无电流斑电击死各1组,典型电流斑组、正常对照组、死后电击组、死后水中、油污中电击各1组共7组。采用肉眼、光镜及投射电镜观察水中、油污中无电流斑电击死大鼠皮肤和心肌组织病理学改变,并与其它各组进行比较。结果采用肉眼观察,生前水中、油污中无电流斑电击死大鼠皮肤未见明显电流斑。普通光镜观察,可见电击中心部位表皮变性坏死、脱落,表皮细胞变薄、致密,表皮细胞或/和毛囊、汗腺、皮脂腺发生极性化改变。电镜观察,透明层和角质层分离脱落,基底细胞肿胀、细胞器减少、核固缩,汗腺导管上皮肿胀,棘细胞中粗面内质网扩张融合成泡状,线粒体肿胀空泡化;但光镜与电镜的变化与生前电击死比较不明显、典型。而死后电击组皮肤则无明显病理学改变。实验各组大鼠心肌的改变与皮肤改变类同。结论采用光镜和投透射电镜观察在潮湿环境中电击死的组织病理学改变,可为无电流斑电击死提供依据。     

司法独立的黎明 法国古典司法体制诸问题研究

大革命前的法国司法体制是大量近代法学知识得以孕育的制度温床,孟德斯鸠开创的"司法独立"理论也萌生其中。本文系统性地考察了当时司法体制的组织架构、工作方式和法理依据,在此基础上对近代早期的民法传统与司法行政关系进行了专门分析。力图通过一种历史性的制度研究,为"司法独立"思想的产生还原出一个更为稳定,也更为实践化的时空场景。     

Systematical method for polyacrylamide and residual acrylamide detection in cosmetic surgery products and example application

IntroductionIn this paper, the authors presented a case of acrylamide poisoning in a middle-aged woman who had underwent unsuccessful cosmetic surgery six years earlier. The victim was told that the product that had been injected into her face was Restylane®, which mainly contained sodium hyaluronate and was the first and only Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved dermal filler for lip enhancement in the USA for more than 20 years. Widespread facial infections occurred several years post-injection; finally, the victim had to undergo removal surgery. Acrylamide poisoning was strongly suspected based on the victim's clinical manifestation. The product that had been injected into the victim's face was probably polyacrylamide hydrogel-based product, which had been prohibited by the State Food and Drug Administration (SFDA) in China in 2006. To confirm this suspicion, a systematical method was established to differentiate varieties of cosmetic surgery products and identify residential acrylamide.MethodsThe removed objects, original products and a certified reference sample of Restylane® were collected for examination. A direct microscopic examination was applied as a rapid screening method. Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) microspectroscopy analysis was subsequently performed to distinguish the main components from each sample. Automated solid phase extraction, ultra high performance liquid chromatography (SPE UHPLC) analysis was ultimately utilised and optimised to detect the residual acrylamide. Chromatographic separation was achieved on an ACQUITY UHPLC HSS T3 column. The mobile phase consisted of 0.01% aqueous formic acid solution and acetonitrile. The tunable UV (TUV) detection wavelength was at 202 nm.ResultsThe microscopic examination indicated that different samples had different morphological characteristics, depending on their main components. The FTIR spectrum showed that different polymers could be distinguished according to the CO stretching vibration (1655 cm^? 1), NH bending vibration (1540 cm^? 1) and CO stretching vibration (1078 and 1045 cm^? 1). The UHPLC results demonstrated that the calibration curve was linear in the range of 0.5–20.0 μg/mL, with a correlation coefficient of 0.999. The average recoveries of the method were 99–107% with an RSD of 1.6–6.3%. The detection limit was 0.1 μg/mL (S/N = 3). The analytical time was 6 min per sample. Acrylamide was detected in the allegedly Restylane® injection.ConclusionsThis systematical method provides a rapid, accurate and sensitive determination of polyacrylamide and residual acrylamide. The microscopic and FTIR spectroscopic examinations help to verify the existence of polyacrylamide quickly and easily. The optimised SPE UHPLC-TUV method offers a simpler and more sensitive approach to confirm the amount of acrylamide, comparing to the methods in the literature.