科学、客观主义与境域

实证主义知识观对科学制度规范的设定有重大影响，客观主义立场和方法长盛不衰。科学的特性被等同于不受境域限定的客观性表现，这一表述中对真理的看法和对知识的规定，实际上还停留在经典力学的科学架构之中，无法和以现代物理学为标志的现代科学取得一种对应关系。这种表述也完全忽视了技术社会中引起重大反响的对于科学的人文反思，客观主义的规范效力面临时代性和思想性的质疑。     

元代女诗人张玉娘的创作与生活

女诗人张玉娘是元初人,她博学多才,以诗词来展现其丰富的内心情感.张玉娘情感生活极为不幸,她把自己的感情经历都打入诗词创作中,使创作与生活经历融为了一体.     

P2P软件开发商侵权责任问题研究

P2P软件的应用对版权保护产生了巨大的影响。本文从P2P软件的分类入手,针对P2P软件开发商在数据传输中的不同作用和地位,结合中外有关侵权案例,论述了P2P软件开发商承担侵权责任的构成要件,并对其侵权责任的承担问题提出了具体的意见和建议。     

简论均势的稀缺性

均势可以从主客观的不同角度划分为均势政策和均势体系两个层次。因为均势体系存在着均势结构的不稳定性、意识形态的多元性和集体行动的困境,所以均势体系是稀缺的。均势政策的稀缺性则来源于单位成员的非均势主观目的,它使均势政策成为了国家争霸的临时性工具。这些限制性因素大大减少了均势体系建立的可能性,让事实中的均势变得稀缺。     

法治文化的困境与出路

法治文化的内容可分为实体法治文化与程序法治文化。中国法治文化的困境表现为法治文化与人治文化的冲突、法治文化与法律制度的冲突、程序法治文化与实体法治文化的冲突，进而从经济、政治、社会、教育等方面寻找出路。     

欧洲专利一体化的最新进展——拟议中的“统一专利法院”述评

自第二次世界大战以来,欧洲各国一直在探索专利一体化的道路。通过制定《欧洲专利条约》、《欧洲共同体专利条约》,并设置欧洲专利组织等方式(EPO)实现了欧洲专利申请制度的一体化。然而,欧洲专利诉讼仍由各国法院根据本国法审理,由此引发出"同案不同判"、"同案不同罚"以及诉讼费用高昂等各种问题,为欧洲专利制度的统一及其功效的发挥设置了诸多障碍。欧洲统一专利法院的设立解决了上述问题,实现了欧洲专利审判的一体化,对欧洲经济发展、企业竞争力提高都有很大的帮助,对于我国企业从事欧洲贸易和政府探索建立专门化的知识产权审判法院都有着重要的借鉴意义。     

Research on Linguistic Metaphor Systems in Public Discourse——With a Complex Systems Theory Approach to Metaphors

As the carriers of thoughts, linguistic metaphors serve as the expressive media of cognition in public discourse, and they form an important research perspective in public discourse analysis. Currently, metaphor led public discourse analysis generally bases itself on Conceptual Metaphor Theory (CMT). Such studies analyze the psychological generation of conceptual metaphors in public discourse from the perspective of bodily experience, but they do not tackle the interconnectedness and systematicity of linguistic metaphors in use. Drawing on a Complex Systems Theory (CST) approach to metaphors, this paper studies linguistic metaphors framing the BRICS in English newspapers, focusing on their systematicity in meaning making. This paper finds that in public discourse, linguistic metaphors form systematic metaphors, metaphor scenarios and metaphorical narratives in a bottom-up manner, with one leading to another, and such emergence is jointly influenced by discourse purposes, social culture, linguistic contexts, and cognitive activities. This paper concludes that the CST approach can effectively contribute to describing the systematicity of linguistic metaphors in use, and it helps to reveal the rhetorical and argumentative functions of linguistic metaphors in public discourse.     

PROTESTANT FUNDAMENTALISM AND THE RETRIBUTIVE DOCTRINE OF PUNISHMENT*

In Gregg v. Georgia in 1976, the U.S. Supreme Court declared that public opinion, including the public's presumed desire for retribution, can be a legitimate basis for penal policy. Subsequently, the retributive doctrine has guided sentencing reform across the nation. But variation among the public in support for retribution as the goal of punishment and the effects of religion in shaping public sentiments about punishment have received little attention from researchers. Drawing from recent work on attribution theory and religion, this paper proposes and reports evidence that public support for the retributive doctrine is closely linked to affiliation with fundamentalist Protestant denominations and fundamentalist religious beliefs. The normative implications of such a connection are addressed.