大事综览

2005年10月大事各方有如下评述:一、神六升空开启中国航天新篇章。12日,中国神舟六号航天成功震动世界,外国媒体反应热烈。一是认为神六成功发射标志中国国运强盛。香港《成报》12日的文章称,这是中国航天事业一个新的里程碑,标志着中国国力渐强、国运兴隆,正在迅速迈向航天强国的地位,在国际事务中将扮演更加重要的角色。共同社甘肃12日的电文称,中国向全世界昭示其已具有继美俄之后第三“航天大国”的实力,而且还将推动中国在军事、商业领域进行太空开发活动。二是认为从战略层面可以牵制美国。共同社北京12日的电文称,以中国提升国力为背…     

西欧国家共产党的边缘化:数据分析

西欧发达国家共产党——法国共产党、意大利共产党、英国共产党、比利时共产党、西班牙共产党、葡萄牙共产党、希腊共产党、奥地利共产党、荷兰共产党、挪威共产党等参加议会选举的得票率、议席数及党员人数等指标表明,这些党目前还在活动,但已经边缘化。     

Validity of Demirjian and Willems methods for dental age estimation for Malaysian children aged 5–15 years old

BackgroundOne of the most commonly used method for dental age assessment is the method reported by Demirjian and coworkers in 1973. It was later modified by Willems and coworkers whereby they “performed a weighted ANOVA” in order to adapt the scoring system.AimTo evaluate the applicability of Demirjian and Willems methods for dental age estimation for Malaysian children and to correlate the accuracy of the findings with the chronology of tooth development of premolars and second molars.Materials and methodsA total of 991 dental panoramic radiographs of 5–15-year-old Malaysian children were included in the study. The mean Demirjian and Willems estimated ages were compared to the mean chronological age.ResultsThe mean chronological age of the sample was 10.1 ± 2.8 and 9.9 ± 3.0 years for males and females respectively. Using the Demirjian method, the mean estimated dental age was 10.8 ± 2.9 years for males and 10.5 ± 2.9 years for females. For Willems method, the mean estimated age was 10.3 ± 2.8 years males and 10.0 ± 3.0 years respectively.ConclusionsWillems method was more applicable for estimating dental age for Malaysian children. Overestimation in Demirjian method could be due to advanced development of second bicuspids and molars.     

"公推直选"与乡镇政权权力运行机制的创新

现行乡镇政权权力运行机制或多或少地存在着各种问题.为了提高乡镇政权的施政效率,近年来一些地方,进行了以"公推直选"为主要内容的改革尝试,概括起来大致有四种模式:只直选乡镇党委书记;只直选乡镇长;直选乡镇党委书记与乡镇长; 直选乡镇党委书记,再由书记提名组阁.这四种"直选",虽然对基层选举制度进行了有益的尝试,扩大了干部任用的民意基础,但也在冲击和突破现行乡镇政权权力运行机制,带来了乡镇政权权责关系的混乱和冲突.在这此基础上提出的"一体化公推直选"改革设想,从理论和实践的结合上探讨了建构乡镇政权权力运行新机制的途径和方法,为进一步深化基层党内选举制度的改革和党风民主制度的创新提供了决策参与和理论依据.     

全面建设殷实宽裕的小康社会——新世纪党和人民伟大光荣的历史使命

小康社会是中国古代思想家描绘的一种诱人的社会理想。然而,中国人民经受的灾难、贫苦真是太多太重了,从古至今,没有一个朝代能实现真正的小康。20世纪80年代开始实施的小康社会战略,到本世纪之交,已使中国人民基本上实现了从温饱型到小康型的历史性转变。可以预见,党的十六大将吹响全面建设殷实宽裕的小康社会的进军号角,这也是历史赋予全党和全国人民光荣而伟大的使命。     

独立量刑程序的价值分析

定罪与量刑是我国刑事审判中的两个极为重要的问题,实现定罪的准确性与量刑的合理性是整个刑事审判活动最基本的要求。司法实践中,被告人罪名的认定与量刑轻重都是法官自由裁量权行使的结果,由于法律规定的量刑幅度宽泛,在量刑问题上受法官的自由裁量权的影响更大,相应被滥用的可能性也就更大,也就更迫切需要有效的约束机制。     

论破产法上债务人高管人员民事责任的追究

The Enterprise Bankruptcy Law has designed the regime for debtor’s senior managers to bear civil liabilities, while the framework design concerning the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities is still unclear. How to establish a prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities of debtor’s senior managers in line with the purposes of the bankruptcy regime is a substantial issue during the implementation of Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. The realization of the civil liabilities regime of debtor’s senior managers depends on the establishment and operation of a relatively well-developed prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities. The focus of the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities is to determine the subject of prosecution of civil liabilities, the way to realize civil liabilities, and the special hearing proceedings and authorities of the court. Taking steps to clarify and improve the prosecution mechanism of civil liabilities focusing on the subjects of prosecution (debtor’s senior managers) and authorities of the court, is the essence and systematic safeguard of realizing the civil liabilities regime of debtor’s senior managers in the Enterprise Bankruptcy Law. Gan Peizhong, Ph.D, is a professor of law and director of the Research Center for Enterprise and Company Law at Peking University. Prof. Gan is a recognized expert on economic law, company law, bankruptcy law and the reform of state-owned enterprises in China. He has released numerous articles on Chinese law journals and published many books. His major publications include Encyclopedia of Chinese Economic Law (vice editor-in-chief), New Studies on Economic Law (co-editor), New Studies on Enterprise Law (author), Studies on Chinese Economic Adjudication (editor-in-chief), Studies on Foreign Economic Law in Beijing (editor-in-chief), General Theories on Economic Law (co-editor), Legitimate Exercise of the Corporate Control Rights (author). Moreover, he was named the “leading young and middle-aged jurist” by Beijing Law Society in 1999. In addition, Prof. Gan is the deputy-president of the Securities Law Association, a member of the Standing Committee of the Economic Law Association under China Law Society. He also serves as the consultant of the Legislative Affairs Commission of the NPC Standing Committee and Beijing Municipal People’s Congress, as well as the Haidian District Court of Beijing.     

美国来华传教士与晚清鸦片贸易

本文通过对晚清时期的历史资料,对美国传教士对西方对华鸦片贸易的看法进行了探讨。文章认为,19世纪30年代,日益猖獗的英美对华鸦片贸易引起的灾难性后果,不仅迫使清政府对鸦片采取严禁政策,来华美国传教士对这种贸易的批评与谴责也日益严厉。美国传教士的反鸦片贸易观对美国国内舆论及《望厦条约》的签订产生了不可忽视的影响,同时影响了美国对华鸦片贸易政策。然而,《天津条约》签订前后,美国传教士鸦片贸易观的转变扭转了美国对华鸦片贸易政策,在一定程度上加速了鸦片贸易的最终合法化。     

社会养老保险金两模式的比较及其对于中国的借鉴作用

本文比较了社会养老保险金两种模式的优势与劣势,分析了二者在维护“社会公平”方面的可能性与必然性。在此基础上,说明了中国养老保险金制度需面对的几个主要问题,并对中国养老保险金制度的改革与发展提出了的几点建议。     

巴基斯坦北部地区政治改革及其溢出效应

1947年,查谟-克什米尔的北部地区加入巴基斯坦,其政治地位一直不明确,当地人民的基本政治权利遭到忽视。巴基斯坦历届政府为解决北部地区的政治地位,对巴北部地区实行渐进式政治改革,逐渐把该地区纳入巴基斯坦联邦的政治框架内,尤其是2009年巴基斯坦人民党政府的政治改革,正式确定该地区与其他省类似的政治地位,赋予当地人民有限的民主与自治权。巴北部地区的政治改革对巴基斯坦自身及其邻国中国与印度产生了不同的溢出效应。