Examining the empirical relationship between prison crowding and inmate misconduct: A meta-analysis of conflicting research results

Incarceration rates in the United States dramatically increased over the past several decades. This trend has drawn significant academic attention to prison overcrowding and its potential effect on inmate misconduct. The empirical relationship between inmate misconduct and overcrowding, however, is less than clear. To be sure, studies indicating positive, negative, and null relationships can all be found in the literature. The current research subjects this body of literature to a meta-analysis in an effort to: (1) clarify the direction and strength of the relationship between overcrowding and rates of prison misconduct across all studies, and (2) to uncover the degree to which variation in research outcomes can be attributed to methodological differences across studies. Results indicate that prison crowding has little substantive impact on inmate misconduct. Implications of the findings are discussed in detail.     

Observations of high velocity bloodspatter on adjacent objects

In a recent homicide investigation, high velocity backspatter was observed on the sleeve cuff of the accused. These minute droplets were discovered only after microscopic examination and were limited in number. A study was initiated to determine if these were truly backspatter droplets or transferred blood produced from light contact with a bloody item. It was observed that the backspattered blood was primarily limited to contact or near contact shots. An exception was a shot into an already bloody surface. It was found that backspattered blood would deposit on the shooter's shirt sleeve irrespective of the weave pattern. Transferred blood was observed only on the fiber tops. This information was found to be useful in reconstruction of events in suicides as well as possible homicides.     

Corporate Governance in Spain (with an Application of the Power Indices Approach)

This paper describes the governance system of Spanish listed firms in the early 1990's. Although the institutional setting of the Spanish Stock Exchanges differs little from other European national markets, we found important differences in several aspects of corporate governance. In particular, some of the standard mechanisms of control (e.g. boards and institutional shareholders) do not play an active role, whereas ownership is relatively concentrated. Moreover, power indices suggest that controlling blocs of large shareholders are very likely to form. We thus conclude that the ownership of shares is a pivotal mechanism in the governance of Spanish corporations.     

从民族性格看心理咨询本土化问题

中国文化的熏染和积淀使中国人形成了不同于西方人的民族性格,并具有独特的心理特征,因而,心理咨询只有走本土化道路,才会在中华大地上保持旺盛的生命力和活力。具体来说,可从心理咨询的理论与应用、心理咨询的方法和技巧、心理咨询的关系处理、心理咨询的基本态度和思维理念等方面入手。     

如何考察社会主义从西方到东方的演进

北京大学张光明教授新著《社会主义由西方到东方的演进——从马克思到邓小平的社会主义思想考察》一书,对许多人物的评价,对马克思、列宁等人的社会主义观及其演进过程的认识都有自己新的思考和独特的分析研究方法。作者更是注重密切联系实际来说明问题,而且潜心于独立思考,敢于力排众议,发表自己的新见解。然而,作者的这些新见解也有值得商榷之处。其中,建立一个什么样的党和什么样的党领导的执政体制这一关键问题,需要作进一步的探讨。     

着眼社会需求办好成人教育

一当前 ,我国教育战线正面临着一场巨大而深刻的变革。从事和关心成人教育的人们都在思考 :在新的形势下 ,如何与时俱进 ,进一步深化成人教育改革 ,推进成人教育发展 ,如何进一步提高成人教育质量。作为成人教育体系的重要组成部分 ,成人院校尤需对此做出回应 ,并拿出自己的思路。这里首先需要解决的还是教育观念问题 ,因为教育变革的根本是观念的变革。这无疑是比较复杂的理论问题和实践问题 ,但我们应该而且可以对其作一个基本的概括和把握 ,这就是 :着眼社会需求 ,促进人的发展。这应当是当前成人教育进一步更新观念的主题 ,也应当是成人…     

三个单位点DNA杂交联合应用的研究

本文从一些多态位点中筛选出在中国人群中，对于同一种限制酶HaeⅢ酶解都能检出良好多态性的三个单位点探针（PMLJ14、PYNH24、α－globin－3’HVR）。对这三个位点的等位基因频率进行了调查．用DNA指纹自动识别系统进行了数据处理，各位点的数据如下：PMLJ14、杂合度94％，等位基因频率分布0．002～0．051；PYNH24：杂合度89％，等位基因频率分布0．003～0．152；α－globin-3’HVR：杂合度78％，等位基因频率分布0．003～0．077。分析15个家系，未见到变异发生，符合孟德尔遗传规律。这三个位点个人识别中的累加机率是：1．7×10-5～2．1×10-14。     

The ADA on the Road: Disability Rights in Germany

This paper examines the impact of a "disability rights model" on the emerging disability rights movement in Germany. Traditional German disability politics and activism are based on the expansion of welfare and special needs provisions rather than on equal rights and integration. Inspired by the 1990 Americans with Disability Act, German activists adopted a disability rights model and successfully worked toward the passage of a constitutional equality amendment in 1994 and ant-discrimination legislation in 2002. Using the literature on rights mobilization, this paper argues that German disability activists use rights talk to both support and contest culturally specific approaches to disability rights, equal treatment, and the role of the state in guaranteeing welfare rights. The globalization of disability rights should not be viewed as an imposition of American norms but as a more complex process of adaptation and cultural transformation that involves constructing locally legitimate approaches to disability rights with an American import.