Profile of Hospital Admissions due to Self‐Inflicted Harm in Los Angeles County from 2001 to 2010

We aimed to describe the demographic profile of self‐inflicted harm (SIH) in Los Angeles County between 2001 and 2010 and to investigate trends over this 10‐year period. We used the California Hospital Discharge Data to investigate all cases of hospital admission due to SIH, including suicide attempts and if they had a concurrent psychiatric diagnosis based on ICD‐9 codes. African‐Americans (AA) had the highest 10‐year SIH admission rates. SIH admission rates remained steady throughout the 10‐year study period. Median age of SIH was significantly lower in Latinos. Episodic mood disorders were the most common psychiatric comorbidity. The use of solid/liquid poisoning was the most common SIH method among all racial/ethnic groups. We found major disparities in SIH admissions across racial/ethnic subgroups. The importance of programs to identify, prevent, and treat SIH in these groups is discussed.     

氯氮平及其代谢物在人血液中的药代动力学研究

目的研究氯氮平及其代谢物在人血液中的药代动力学和检出时限,为氯氮平中毒的法医学鉴定提供实验依据。方法 29名太原汉族人口服12.5mg氯氮平后不同时间采集肘静脉血,固相萃取法提取,超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪分析,MRM(多反应离子检测)记录方式,保留时间和定性离子对定性,内标法和标准曲线法定量检测其中氯氮平、去甲氯氮平、氮氧氯氮平含量,3p97药代动力学软件拟合C-T数据,计算药代动力学参数。结果口服12.5mg氯氮平后,氯氮平、去甲氯氮平、氮氧氯氮平在血中动力学过程均符合一级吸收二室开放模型,达峰时间分别为2.96±1.32h、8.65±3.00h、9.31±26.38h,达峰浓度分别为34.68±9.32ng/mL、11.16±4.15ng/mL、9.62±13.88ng/mL,半衰期分别为17.02±23.63h、27.06±12.58h、41.27±29.75h,血中检出时限分别为81.72±26.19h、93.21±29.40、19.93±14.62h。结论口服氯氮平后氯氮平及其代谢物去甲氯氮平、氮氧氯氮平的药物动力学符合一级吸收二室开放模型,模型和参数可以为氯氮平的法医学鉴定提供实验依据。     

正畸治疗前后腭皱的法医同一认定研究

目的利用腭皱模型分析法评价腭皱形态的个体独特性及正畸治疗前后腭皱形态的稳定性,探索腭皱形态在法医齿科学个体识别应用中的可靠性。方法分别收集70例正畸治疗前、后的上颌模型。通过模型测量分析对腭皱形态及个体识别进行检测,包括数量、方向、形状及长度的变化和近、远中侧端点分别在近远中向及前后方向上的位移。同时对正畸治疗前、后及正畸治疗后与其复制后腭皱模型进行配对检测,计算其平均正确配对率(%)。结果 (1)正畸治疗后腭皱数量、方向、形状及长度均有变化,表现为长度变化(28.6%);分裂(4.3%);联合(2.9%);方向变化(1.4%);形状变化(1.4%)。并且治疗后腭皱远中端点的前后向位移变化占45.7%,近远中向位移占40%;而腭皱近中端在在前后向和在近远中向上位移变化分别为32.9%和17.1%。(2)正畸治疗前组及正畸治疗后组不同个体均未发现相同的腭皱模式。(3)正畸治疗前、后模型的腭皱平均正确配对率为92.19%。而治疗后模型与复制后模型的腭皱平均正确配对率是99.05%。结论腭皱形态具有高度的个体特异性,尽管正畸治疗后腭皱的形态有一定变化,但仍可作为一种新的方法应用于法医齿科的同一认定。     

代孕行为之民法思考

代孕技术作为现代科技发展的成果,为不孕夫妇带来了福音,同时也给社会伦理道德和法律制度带来了冲击.不孕夫妇的生育权和代理母亲的身体权为代孕行为提供了合法性基础,代孕协议使代孕行为权利义务关系更加确定.法律不应对代孕行为一味禁止,而应当面对问题合理规制,发挥其公益性初衷,遏制其危害性.     

药物不良事件及其法医学鉴定

目的研究药物不良事件的法医学鉴定原则及注意事项,为此类案件的法医学鉴定提供参考并积累基础资料。方法通过对33例药物不良事件法医学鉴定案件的回顾性分析,总结药物不良事件相关案件的法医学鉴定原则及注意事项。结果药物不良事件的法医学鉴定案件有增长趋势,患者以女性多见(20例,60.6%)。33例药物不良事件中,以医疗过错鉴定案件多见(21例,63.6%),21例医疗过错鉴定案件中,只有1例(4.8%)与医院过量使用药物有关,其他均未发现医院存在医疗过错;非法行医案8例(24.2%),均与使用药物不当有关。法医鉴定类型以活体鉴定为主(27例,81.8%),死亡案件6例(18.2%)。结论药物不良事件的法医学鉴定案例在不断增加并具有自身特点和复杂性,应引起鉴定人的重视。     

Expressions of GABA and GABA(A)R-alpha1 in the brain of rats poisoned by tetramine

OBJECTIVE: Expressions of GABA and GABA(A)R-alpha1 in the brain of rats poisoned by Tetramine were analyzed to explore the intoxication mechanism. Methods Sixty rats were randomly divided into control, sham poisoned, high-dose poisoned (1.0 mg/kg tetramine) and low-dose poisoned (0.1 mg/kg) groups. The expressions of GABA and GABA(A)R-alpha1 in the brain of the poisoned rats were detected and analyzed by immunohistochemistry and imaging analyzer. Results The expressions of both GABA and GABA(A)R-alpha1 were diffusely seen in the brains of the control and shame poisoned rat groups with a moderate expression level, whereas the expressions of both GABA and GABA(A)R-alpha1 were decreased in the brains of the high-dose poisoned group. In the low-dose poisoned rat group, the expression of GABA initially decreased and reached its lowest level 6 hours after poisoning, and then started to show an increase and reached the level of control groups at day 3. The expressions level reached its peak at days 5-7 after poisoning and remained above the level of control groups till 10 days after poisoning. Similarly, the expression of GABA(A)R-alpha1 in the brains of the low-dose poisoned group initially decreased and reached its lowest level 6-12 hrs after poisoning, and then started to increase and reached the level of control groups at days 7-10 after poisoning, respectively. Conclusion The expression of both GABA and GABA(A)R-alpha1 decreased in the brains of the high-dose poisoned rat group and these changes of GABA and GABA(A)R-alpha1 expressions may be associated with underlying mechanism of tetramine poisoning.     

构建和谐团场需要解决好的几个问题

构建和谐团场,应以解决职工群众最关心、最直接、最现实的利益问题为重点。要不折不扣地执行党的方针政策,畅通诉求表达渠道,建立法律服务体系,在基层领导干部中加强八个方面的良好风气建设,进一步密切党群干群关系。     

“一国两制”理论在澳门的实践

澳门回归以来,在“一国两制”理论指导下,澳门的经济、政治、文化等方面发生了巨大变化。只有在“一国两制”的指导下,在中央政府的领导下,妥善处理好“变”与“不变”、“管”与“不管”和“容”与“不容”三者的关系,才能保持澳门的繁荣稳定。     

德国职业自由违宪审查的“三阶理论”及其对中国的启示

在“药房案”判决中。德国宪法法院将立法对于公民职业自由的限制区分为对执业的限制、对择业的主观限制和对择业的客观限制,强调立法对该三个阶层的限制各有不同的正当化基础,只有在前一阶层无法有效防止危害发生时,才能采取下一阶层的限制措施。这一见解后被系统化为违宪审查的“三阶理论”．并被视为是比例原则的具体化。虽然“三阶理论”对德国保护公民职业自由贡献巨大,但并非完美无缺。该理论对中国违宪审查制度的建立富有一定的启示意义。