论西方文官的职业化

西方文官制度是许多西方资本主义国家实行的一种人事管理制度。文官职业化是西方文官制度建立的最显著的特征之一 ,也是这一制度的最核心的内容之一。文官职业化问题 ,对于理解西方文官制度的形成和发展 ,乃至于理解整个西方近现代政治体制的形成和发展 ,都具有十分重要的意义。本文拟全面分析西方文官职业化的特征和形成原因 ,并在此基础上 ,对西方文官职业化的历史作用作一初步探讨。     

高职院校发展通识教育的创新理念

"通识教育"是我国高等教育改革中的创新理念。本文通过辨析"通识教育"与"文化素质教育"的关系阐述了"通识教育"理念的内涵;同时结合高职教育特点,讨论高职院校发展通识教育的时代意义;建议高职院校从完善通识教育课程体系,提高教师素质,发挥学生主体性和营造校园人文环境等方面实践通识教育。     

快乐幸福是经济社会发展的最高目标——近年来关于快乐经济学研究综述

传统经济学出于衡量的方便而以客观的财富和收入作为主观快乐的近似等价物。这种替代，一方面使得经济学获得了极大的理论成功，另一方面也使它受到了部分学者和民众的批评。近年来，一个专门以主观快乐和幸福作为研究对象的新兴经济学领域——快乐经济学（Economics of Happiness）获得了极大的发展，它综合运用经济学、     

抓住机遇 加快建设区域性国际城市

要加快南宁市区域性国际城市的建设步伐,应着重从以下几方面下功夫:加强城市基础设施建设;扩大城市空间;调整产业结构;实施城市营销;创新政府体制;经营城市文化;发展与东盟各国的关系。     

陕西农业科技企业技术创新机制研究

陕西农业科技企业整体上还处于成长阶段,在技术创新意识、技术创新机制方面均存在较大缺陷,严重影响了陕西农业科技企业竞争力的提高,难以发挥其对农业和农村经济发展的辐射带动作用。促进陕西农业科技企业技术创新的发展,不仅需要企业内部优化,而且还要依赖科技体制、经济体制和其他社会体制的配套改革以及其他相关政策的规定。     

The influence of the gramm-rudman-hollings act on federal budgetary outcomes, 1986—1989

This article analyzes the impact of the Gramm-Rudman-Hollings (GRH) Act on federal budgetary and fiscal outcomes. Rather than portraying it as a two-on federal budgetary and fiscal outcomes. Rather than portraying it as a two-party game between Congress and the president, each with monolithic policy preferences, we view GRH as a multiparty negotiation game among advocates of different programs and agencies. In this game, agencies subject to sequestration and their congressional advocates have an incentive to reach a budget accord, while those exempt from sequestration do not. Consistent with this argument, we find that GRH has restrained outlays for nonexempt programs and that exempt programs have, if anything, experienced more rapid growth. Overall, GRH is estimated to have restrained outlays by $59 billion by fiscal 1989, and to have restrained outlays more effectively after the 1987 modifications in the Act. The Gramm-Rudman-Hollings Act signals another phase in the decade-long struggle between the White House and Congress over public spending priorities. Our final counterfactual analysis suggests that GRH partially returned federal fiscal and budgetary relationships and priorities to those that prevailed before Reagan.     

Alcohol: The gateway to other drug use among secondary-school students

The stepping-stone theory of progression into drug use is examined, based on the alcohol and other drug use of over 27,000 seventh-through eighth-grade students in New York State. The data show that students do not use illicit drugs unless they also use alcohol. White, black and Hispanic students all tend to initiate the use of drugs in the following order-alcohol, marijuana, pills, and hard drugs. Among blacks and Hispanics, pills are not as important a transition between marijuana and hard drugs as they are among whites. Cigarettes form an important step between alcohol and marijuana use for younger students, particularly for females. Since alcohol serves as the gateway to all other drug use, prevention approaches that control and limit alcohol use among adolescents may be warranted.He received his Ph. D. in Psychology for the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1976. His research interests are the social and psychological correlates of drinking.She received her Ph.D. in Sociology from the State University of New York at Buffalo in 1983.     

Perpetrator methodology as a predictor of traumatic symptomatology in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse

This retrospective study explores, through quantitative and qualitative methods, the relationship of two variables (perpetrator relationship and perpetrator methodology) to posttraumatic and dissociative symptomatology. The quantitative sample comprised a nonpsychiatric group (N = 39) of Australian adults reporting sexual abuse histories. A MANOVA revealed that current levels of posttraumatic and dissociative symptomatology were significantly higher in the group reporting sexual abuse by a perpetrator in a relationship of trust, guardianship, or authority. The qualitative sample comprised a purposively selected subgroup of the quantitative sample (n = 20). Thematic content analyses of perpetrator methodology suggest that perpetrator strategies involving emotional manipulation, rather than the perpetrator relationship per se, appear to differentiate between groups with clinical or nonclinical levels of post traumatic and dissociative symptomatology. The combination of qualitative and quantitative methods provides integrated, contextualized data with implications for future research and clinical practice.