Treatment of Gang Members Can Reduce Recidivism and Institutional Misconduct

Gang violence creates serious safety and security concerns in the community and prisons. Treated gang and nongang members recidivated significantly less in a 24-month follow-up than their untreated matched controls. Treatment consisted of high intensity cognitive-behavioral programs that follow the risk, need, and responsivity principles (Andrews & Bonta, 2003). The treated gang members who recidivated violently after treatment received significantly shorter sentences (i.e. they committed less serious offences) than their untreated matched controls. Untreated gang members had significantly higher rates of major (but not minor) institutional offences than the other three groups. Correctional treatment that follows the risk, need and responsivity principles appears able to reduce recidivism and major institutional misconduct. Effective correctional treatment should be considered as one of the approaches in the management and rehabilitation of incarcerated gang members.     

论列宁著作中"共产主义"和"社会主义"概念的使用及其历史演变

本文以列宁的经典著作为依据,对列宁关于"社会主义"、"共产主义"概念的使用和历史演变进行了较为全面而系统地梳理和阐述.列宁在使用"社会主义"和"共产主义"概念时,有时对它们未加以明确区分;有时对它们加以严格区分和界定,不能混淆;有时随着场合和情境的变化而侧重和突出某一或某些方面;随着社会历史进程的发展,列宁对这两个概念的理解也在不断充实和发展.     

Reintegrating seriously violent and personality-disordered offenders from a supermaximum security institution into the general offender population

Offenders who have committed serious violent acts while incarcerated are often segregated and housed in supermaximum security facilities. Given the highly restricted regime under which they are detained, it is often difficult to decide if they are safe enough to be discharged. However, there is a need to reintegrate them into the general offender population in a lower security institution for humane, correctional, and financial reasons. We propose a transitional strategy to facilitate their reintegration by way of a maximum-security step-down treatment-oriented facility within which both their security requirements and treatment needs could be adequately met. The present study reports the results of such an approach. More than 80% of the offenders (n = 31) were reintegrated into a lower-security facility without relapsing and being returned to the supermaximum institutions within a follow-up period of 20 months. They also have lower institutional offense rate postreintegration compared to prereintegration.     

湖北省乡镇综合配套改革的成效、问题及对策

2002年以来,湖北省进行了乡镇综合配套改革。改革取得了一定的成就,也暴露出了一些问题。针对存在的问题,可以采取以下对策进行补救:逐步实行“县政乡派”体制;将乡镇综合配套改革成果法制化;完善以钱养事、以事养人制度;创建有效的社保体系;积极化解乡村债务等。     

犯罪人格略论

本文主要探讨了犯罪人格的概念、特征和内容。笔者认为,犯罪人格是指个体在社会化过程中 由于受遗传及社会环境影响而形成的与主流社会规范不相符的,可能促使个体实施反社会犯罪行为的认识 偏差、需求偏差及情绪偏差等心理特征的总称。犯罪人格具有多因性、反社会性、犯罪性、广泛性、可测性及 可变性等六方面特征。犯罪人格包括认识偏差、需求偏差、情感偏差、犯罪能力及自制力等五个方面内容。     

抢劫犯罪法律适用问题新探——以最高法院《两抢意见》与上海市《“两抢一盗”意见》为视角

本文通过对最高法院《关于审理抢劫案件具体应用法律若干问题的解释》、《关于审理抢劫、抢夺刑事案件适用法律若干问题的意见》与上海市《关于本市办理“两抢”和入户盗窃犯罪案件的若干意见》比较分析,结合司法实践,就司法解释、规范性文件之间的主要差异、有些新的规定内容可能对办案的影响,以及在理解与适用中应注意的问题,提出自己的看法。     

网格计算技术对互联网的影响

网格计算机技术是把整个因特网组成一台巨大的超级计算机,实现各类资源全面共享的技术。网格以其更加强大的功能掀起计算机的第三次浪潮,并将影响互联网的深入应用,为信息产业带来无限商机。     

新加坡南洋大学的改革与关闭

南洋大学自创立到关闭,为适应主、客观环境而进行广泛的改革。使南洋大学由一间私立、仿美国学制的华文大学,逐步改变成由政府资助,乃至由政府监控、依英国学制而塑造的英文大学。在改革的过程中,新加坡政府所扮演的角色,逐次加重,并一步步导致南大“必须”关闭的境地,终使南大的关闭成为不可避免的结果。     

鸡大肝和大脾病免疫器官的病理学动态研究

用人工接种方法观察了鸡大肝和大脾（ＢＬＳ）病鸡免疫器官的大体和组织病理学的动态变化。大体变化除脾肿胀外,盲肠扁桃体、胸腺和腔上囊也发生肿胀、出血。组织病理学的主要特点是脾、盲肠扁桃体、胸腺、腔上囊和哈德尔氏腺除发生变性和坏死外,早期浆细胞和淋巴细胞增生,中、后期则出现巨噬细胞、淋巴细胞和网状细胞等。结果表明,ＢＬＳ病的早期以体液免疫为主,后期的细胞免疫和体液免疫均增强,这两种免疫在此病的发生和发展过程中均起重要作用。     

家兔死后红细胞内钾钠离子含量与死亡时间的关系

研究了40只家兔死后不同时间心血红细胞内钾钠离子含量变化及红细胞膜Na+－K+－ATP酶活性。发现红细胞内钾离子含量随死亡时间增加呈线性下降（r=-0．829,P＜0．025）。在死后0－48小时,红细胞内钾离子含量与死亡时间显著相关。红细胞膜Na+－K+－ATP酶活性在死后48小时无显著变化。