Genetic and chemical components analysis of Papaver setigerum naturalized in Korea

Of the 110 species of genus Papaver, only Papaver somniferum and P. setigerum are controlled poppies in Korea. All poppy samples share similar morphology therefore it is important to check if they contain controlled substances such as morphine and codeine for forensic purpose. Since the alkaloid content of Papaver plants varies according to their growing stage, chemical components analysis alone is not enough to identify exact species. In 2010, hundreds of poppy plants suspected to be P. somniferum were found in Jeju Island, South Korea. They had a slightly different but overall similar appearance to P. somniferum. Using GC-MS analysis, codeine, rhoeadine, papaverine, protopine, noscapine, setigeridine and trace amounts of morphine were detected in these samples. Although their chemical components were different from what has been described in literatures for P. setigerum, they could be assumed to be P. setigerum based on their morphological features and GC-MS results. Also, chromosome numbers using their seeds showed 2n=44 and the numbers were in accordance with those of P. setigerum. Nucleotide substitution or insertion/deletion of ITS (internal transcribed spacer), 18S rRNA (ribosomal RNA), rbcL (large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase), trnL-trnF IGS (intergenic spacer), trnL intron and psbA-trnH were assessed as universal genetic markers for P. setigerum. Also, genetic analysis using six target genes involved in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, including TYDC (tyrosine/dopa decarboxylase), SAT (salutaridinol-7-O-acetyltransferase), BBE (berberine bridge enzyme), COR (codeinone reductase), CYP80B1 ((S)-N-methylcoclaurine 3'-hydroxylase) and NCS (norcoclaurine synthase) were tested as Papaver-specific genetic markers by the existence of their PCR products. From the results, the sequences of the 6 universal genetic markers and 6 Papaver-specific genetic markers for P. setigerum were identified and then Genbank accession numbers of them were registered in NCBI. Also, the trnL intron and psbA-trnH nucleic acid sequences of the 7 Papaver species were identified and registered.     

商标法中在先权利的法理分析

在先权利是一个开放的抽象概念.由于对在先权利的对象所包含的信誉与影响力的搭便车行为违反了商标法所追求的维护公平正当的市场竞争秩序的宗旨,也造成商标权人不当得利,各国法律均保护在先权利.但就我国商标法的在先权利条款而言,其内容构成的不同理解思路产生了不同的在先权利保护效力.我国司法实践将知识产权法与民法通则所明确规定的权利以及合法利益都归为在先权利,均能够适用商标法规范直接撤销在后的商标注册,从保护体系协调看,这一定位是符合公平原则的.     

转型时期党领导下的边疆地区社会管理方式创新研究——以广西河池基层党组织建设为例

本文在对我国边疆地区社会管理所面临的无限增长的基层公共服务需求,不断增加的流动人口和特殊群体数量,动态变化的社会管理新形势、新情况,人民群众深刻变化的思想观念和相对欠缺的少数领导干部的能力和素质等问题进行分析的基础上,对广西河池依托基层党组织建设探索出的转型时期边疆地区党领导下的社会管理方式创新进行了深层次的解读,旨在为边疆地区新时期社会管理创新工作提供理论和实践上的参考。     

美国民众对中国台湾地位认知的影响因素——基于美国人对华态度实证调研

台湾历来是中国领土的一部分,由于台湾优越的地理位置,长期受到外来势力的干扰.二战胜利后,台湾问题本来是国共内战遗留的内政问题,但由于美国的多方阻挠,台湾问题成为中美关系中最敏感的问题之一.自中国恢复联合国合法席位以及中美建交以后,包括美国在内的绝大部分国家都承认“台湾是中国的一部分”.中美关系下的台湾问题经历了中美对峙、中美建交、冷战后和9·11后以后,美国民众到底是如何认识中国台湾问题的?本文采用logistic模型,利用美国人对华态度实证调研的数据,全面解读美国民众如何看待中国台湾,并从中了解哪些因素影响美国民众对中国台湾地位的认识.     

Improve Influence of China over World Tourism Industry With a Sound Platform of Cooperation for World Tourist Cities

正Founded on September 19,2012 in Beijing,World Tourism Cities Federation(WTCF)is a non-profit,non-governmental international mass organization.The establishment of WTCF was proposed by Beijing and organized voluntarily by tourist cities of all countries and regions,non-governmental organizations,associations and enterprises related to tourism.Under the theme of"Tourism Makes City     

欺诈性抚养问题的三维解构

欺诈性抚养问题,理论上探讨的重点在于对其法律性质、构成要素的认定。司法实践中,由于我国对欺诈性抚养问题没有明文规定,不同时期不同法院对涉及此类纠纷的裁判思路存在较大差异。通过对现有裁判路径的梳理以及法教义学解读,选择侵权法规范作为被欺诈方寻求法律救济的请求权基础,同时将请求权的基础权利界定为一般人格权,契合理论上扩大保护范围的趋势,符合实践中司法裁判的逻辑,有助于积极倡导正确婚姻家庭观念,促进社会和谐稳定。     

RISK ASSESSMENT

The world economy has to be on the lookout for potential risks in the post-COVID-19 era Although COVID-19 plunged the global economy into the worst recession since World War II,clear signs of recovery have emerged.China began leading the way by pocketing positive growth in 2020 after bringing the epidemic under control.The U.S.and European countries initiated a bid for economic rebound via aggressive stimulus measures.     

党内法规制度“1+4”体系之我见

“1+4”体系是对党内法规制度体系的集中概括,也是传统性、权威性认识,具有一定的科学性,在指导推进党内法规制度建设中发挥了重要作用,但是,随着近年来党内法规制度实践展开和研究深化,党内法规制度“1+4”体系存在的不足日益显现出来,完善这一体系显得愈加重要和紧迫。目前看,这一体系并未全面反映党内法规制度建设的总体情况,难以对党内法规制度作出准确分类,存在交叉重复问题。为此,应该建构起一个新的党内法规制度“1+1+3”体系,其中第一个“1”是指党章,第二个“1”是指一个中央党内法规制定工作五年规划,“3”是指“综合性党内法规制度”“党的领导法规制度”和“党的自身建设法规制度”。这一体系呈现为三个层次,具有逻辑和结构上的科学性和严密性。新体系突出了党内法规制度制定工作规划的地位作用,一定程度上解决了党内法规制度传统分类中存在交叉重叠的问题,更加重视发挥综合性党内法规制度的地位作用,有利于促进党内法规制度理论研究的深化。     

论宪法在澳门基本法制定与实施中的作用

1982年宪法是制定澳门基本法的依据,也是澳门回归祖国20年来保持繁荣稳定的根本保障。从1988年9月起草澳门基本法开始,到1999年12月20日澳门回归祖国并实施基本法以来,共和国的宪法精神像血液一样融入到澳门社会的各个领域,为澳门社会的和谐、稳定与健康发展提供了根本法基础。澳门回归20年的实践充分表明,在宪法和基本法共同构成澳门新宪制秩序的背景下,澳门特别行政区展现了开放、多元与活力,为“一国两制”的伟大实践提供了新鲜的经验。在回顾澳门回归20年的历程时,我们更加深刻地认识到共和国宪法的历史方位与时代精神,对澳门未来发展充满信心。当然,未来“一国两制”的实践也会遇到新挑战、新问题,但只要我们坚持“一国两制”的初心,坚持严格依照宪法和基本法办事,继续以宪法和基本法凝聚社会共识,澳门将会迎来更加美好的明天。     

试析日本安倍政府在美伊间的调停外交

自2018年5月美国退出"伊核协议"后,美伊关系持续紧张,导致中东局势动荡不定。对此,日本安倍政府基于保障日本的能源安全和经济利益、提高日本国际声誉与推动国内修宪进程等多重战略考量,决定在美伊间开展调停外交。美伊两国对调停者的需求、伊朗对日本的信任以及欧洲国家调停者身份的削弱,也为安倍政府实施调停外交提供了可行条件。安倍政府调停外交的实施路径主要包括日伊首脑互访、日伊高层会谈、日美密切沟通以及游说中东国家等,但其成效受到日本自身局限性、美伊矛盾复杂性、调停策略表面性、调停进程不确定性等因素制约,难以促使美伊关系得到实质性缓和。