Genetic and chemical components analysis of Papaver setigerum naturalized in Korea

Of the 110 species of genus Papaver, only Papaver somniferum and P. setigerum are controlled poppies in Korea. All poppy samples share similar morphology therefore it is important to check if they contain controlled substances such as morphine and codeine for forensic purpose. Since the alkaloid content of Papaver plants varies according to their growing stage, chemical components analysis alone is not enough to identify exact species. In 2010, hundreds of poppy plants suspected to be P. somniferum were found in Jeju Island, South Korea. They had a slightly different but overall similar appearance to P. somniferum. Using GC-MS analysis, codeine, rhoeadine, papaverine, protopine, noscapine, setigeridine and trace amounts of morphine were detected in these samples. Although their chemical components were different from what has been described in literatures for P. setigerum, they could be assumed to be P. setigerum based on their morphological features and GC-MS results. Also, chromosome numbers using their seeds showed 2n=44 and the numbers were in accordance with those of P. setigerum. Nucleotide substitution or insertion/deletion of ITS (internal transcribed spacer), 18S rRNA (ribosomal RNA), rbcL (large subunit of ribulose 1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase), trnL-trnF IGS (intergenic spacer), trnL intron and psbA-trnH were assessed as universal genetic markers for P. setigerum. Also, genetic analysis using six target genes involved in the biosynthesis of benzylisoquinoline alkaloids, including TYDC (tyrosine/dopa decarboxylase), SAT (salutaridinol-7-O-acetyltransferase), BBE (berberine bridge enzyme), COR (codeinone reductase), CYP80B1 ((S)-N-methylcoclaurine 3'-hydroxylase) and NCS (norcoclaurine synthase) were tested as Papaver-specific genetic markers by the existence of their PCR products. From the results, the sequences of the 6 universal genetic markers and 6 Papaver-specific genetic markers for P. setigerum were identified and then Genbank accession numbers of them were registered in NCBI. Also, the trnL intron and psbA-trnH nucleic acid sequences of the 7 Papaver species were identified and registered.     

商标法中在先权利的法理分析

在先权利是一个开放的抽象概念.由于对在先权利的对象所包含的信誉与影响力的搭便车行为违反了商标法所追求的维护公平正当的市场竞争秩序的宗旨,也造成商标权人不当得利,各国法律均保护在先权利.但就我国商标法的在先权利条款而言,其内容构成的不同理解思路产生了不同的在先权利保护效力.我国司法实践将知识产权法与民法通则所明确规定的权利以及合法利益都归为在先权利,均能够适用商标法规范直接撤销在后的商标注册,从保护体系协调看,这一定位是符合公平原则的.     

转型时期党领导下的边疆地区社会管理方式创新研究——以广西河池基层党组织建设为例

本文在对我国边疆地区社会管理所面临的无限增长的基层公共服务需求,不断增加的流动人口和特殊群体数量,动态变化的社会管理新形势、新情况,人民群众深刻变化的思想观念和相对欠缺的少数领导干部的能力和素质等问题进行分析的基础上,对广西河池依托基层党组织建设探索出的转型时期边疆地区党领导下的社会管理方式创新进行了深层次的解读,旨在为边疆地区新时期社会管理创新工作提供理论和实践上的参考。     

Improve Influence of China over World Tourism Industry With a Sound Platform of Cooperation for World Tourist Cities

正Founded on September 19,2012 in Beijing,World Tourism Cities Federation(WTCF)is a non-profit,non-governmental international mass organization.The establishment of WTCF was proposed by Beijing and organized voluntarily by tourist cities of all countries and regions,non-governmental organizations,associations and enterprises related to tourism.Under the theme of"Tourism Makes City     

当前我国营养医师处方权范围问题研究

营养医师是临床上为住院患者开展营养咨询、诊断、监测、调配饮食并协助临床疾病治疗的营养科在职医师。营养医师作为"医师"本应拥有营养药品处方权,但实践中由于营养医师的类型不同,导致了相应处方权范围的差异。为更好地服务临床,建议设置过渡期、严格营养医师转岗条件,修改临床营养师考试内容,在临床医学和中医学下开设营养学专业。     

我国市场经济逐步建立过程青年道德观的演进与当前青年道德观的引领

在我国从计划经济体制向市场经济体制的转型的社会大背景下,青年一代的道德观也伴随着市场经济建立的逐步过程渐渐变迁.从20世纪50年代至改革开放前的道德至上的年代到80年代道德被攻击的年代,再到90年代后道德被遗忘年代,所有的道德观的变化都和经济体制的变化、市场经济的进程息息相关.当代青年一代的道德观主流是进步、向上的,但也有令人堪忧的道德乱象,需要加强对青年的道德观的引领,引导青年一代建立起与市场经济相适应的道德观.     

论公安机关风险防控与人权保障职责协调的途径

人权保障是公安执法追求的效果,是风险防控目的是否达成的风向标。通过不得强迫自证其罪规则指引职责协调,在职责协调中明确举证责任的分配规则以实现无罪推定原则对职责协调的导引。建立高效的讯问规则与加强对协调职责的内外监督是实现公安机关风险防控与人权保障职责协调的途径。     

社会环境对政治社会化代际特征变化的影响——以90后高校学生的政治社会化为例

政治社会化的代际特征既有其普遍性也有特定的变化,自觉认识和处理社会环境对政治社会化代际特征的影响,是既定共同体坚定人们对政治体系的认同和信心、以及维持相应制度的合法性支持和运作实效的必需。在社会环境的影响下,当前高校学生政治社会化存在的问题,主要体现为政治价值取向的功利化、政治认同的模糊化、以及政治参与的冷漠化。     

政治体制改革必须适应公民参政积极性的提高

当前,市场经济的发展使我国公民的主体意识、参与意识觉醒,公民的参政积极性提高。公民寄希望于通过政治参与、政治资源的合理分配以及政策的合理制定,为自己争取进一步发展的空间。这对深化我国政治体制改革既是挑战,也是机遇。在适应公民参政积极性提高的基础上深化政治体制改革,有助于调动群众的积极性,营造公平、公正的社会环境,维护社会稳定,推进我国各项事业的发展。     

论"形迹可疑型自首"的司法认定

形迹可疑型自首是对传统自首的发展,对于便利诉讼和提高诉讼效益具有很大的作用。但对形迹可疑型自首的理解运用在学界仍存在分歧。只有结合侦查实践并运用刑事法学的相关知识才能对"形迹可疑"、"盘问"等词语做出全面理解,才能在司法实践中对各类自首做出全面准确的认定。