The Making of BRICS:South Africa Invigorates the New Cooperation Mechanism

South Africa’s accession to BRIC caused quite a stir in the world at the end of 2010.According to the news release dated December 24,2010 on the website of the Chinese Foreign Ministry,China-the current     

The EU Illegal,Unreported, and Unregulated Fishing Regulation Based on Trade and Market-Related Measures: Unilateralism or a Model Law?

The problem of illegal, unreported, and unregulated fishing is well recognized, yet conventional monitoring, control, and surveillance mechanisms administered by coastal and flag states have so far achieved limited success. The EU IUU Regulation is one of the most recent instances of trade and marketplace measures being implemented at the domestic rule level to block out IUU-caught fish. It aims at preventing any harvesting, processing, and re-exporting states from the circumvention of internationally agreed fisheries management goals. The immediate question for international law is whether unilaterally created trade-restrictive measures would affect the development of a truly global strategy to combat IUU fishing as a global activity. This article responds to the inquiry by exploring the potential and legitimacy limitations for domestic trade regulation to be effective and fairly nondiscriminatory. It draws on the regime theory to provide further insights into the ways of reconciling and synergizing disparate fisheries and trade management systems.     

巫术对中国传统法律文化的影响

巫术对中国传统法律文化无论是在制度层面上还是在观念层面上 ,都具有巨大的影响。中国传统法律文化的源头在巫术礼仪中。不对巫术作深入的研究 ,就无法深入地了解中国传统法律文化     

知识产权侵权不停止的司法适用模式——基于138份裁判文书的文本分析

数据统计与个案分析表明,在知识产权侵权案件中,我国法院主要依自由裁量权主动适用侵权不停止,而不以侵权人申请为前提。公共利益是最常见的理由,履行不能、权利瑕疵等其它理由所占比例很小。在以公共利益为由的案件中,当事人双方利益平衡也是法院考量的重要因素。在法院作出侵权不停止判决的案件中,采用替代措施的仅占少数,替代措施也并不统一,以合理使用费和提高赔偿额为主。从现有司法实践来看,应设置侵害者抗辩作为前置程序,明确利益平衡原则在相关案件中的适用以及支持由法院决定替代措施及其内容类型。     

犬瘟热病毒RT-PCR检测方法的建立

根据GenBank中登录的犬瘟热病毒(CDV)核衣壳蛋白基因序列,设计合成了1对特异性引物,以CDV疫苗株ONP为模板,通过对反应条件进行优化,建立了一种快速检测CDV的RT-PCR方法。结果显示,以该引物进行RT-PCR扩增,能得到与理论设计值大小一致的242bp的特异性条带;该方法最低可以检测出约20pg含量的CDV;对已知CDV阳性和阴性病料进行重复性和稳定性试验,结果均一致;用该方法检测犬细小病毒(CPV)、犬冠状病毒(CCV)、狂犬病病毒(RV)和同为副黏病毒科的新城疫病毒(NDV),均无交叉反应;对32份临床病料进行检测,并与免疫胶体金抗原检测试纸检测结果进行比较,符合率为93.75%。结果表明,此方法特异性强,敏感性高,重复性和稳定性均好,可用于犬瘟热病毒的临床诊断和试验研究。     

再论法律职业化与法律职业共同体

随着法律职业化进程的推进,我国现阶段基本形成了法律职业阶层,但并未出现一个法律职业共同体。即便如此,鉴于法治信仰并未真正被培育,现有法律职业阶层仍然存在被异化为“物化”法律职业利益集团的风险。因此,法治信仰的培育既是法律职业化的基本要求,也是形成法律职业共同体的核心元素。     

法律救济的规则选择:财产规则、责任规则与卡梅框架的法律经济学重构

法律经济学上的"卡-梅框架",是从法益保护的效果模式出发,对法律规则做出的一个类型划分。其原初结构是以法益的转移自由和定价意愿为标准划分的"财产规则"、"责任规则"和"禁易规则"。通过引入法益的初始归属和限价方式两个新的划分标准,可以增添"管制规则"和"无为规则"两个新的类型,扩展和重构"卡-梅框架"的救济分类和规则结构。这五类规则构成了法律经济学上可供选择的一个"规则菜单"。一个社会在特定领域的规则选择,对应着国家权力干涉社会生活的不同程度,体现了法律背后的观念变化和权力博弈。对于法律救济规则分类与效率比较的理论研究,有助于深化对中国现行法律的学术理解和制度完善。     

Identifying Counterfeit Cigarettes Using Environmental Pollen Analysis: An Improved Procedure*

Traditional pollen preparation techniques provide clear residues for pollen identification; however, such methods are time-consuming, requiring repeated centrifugation, heating, and digestion with high-concentration hazardous chemicals. Tobacco leaves can effectively trap environmental pollen due to hairy surface and terpene-rich exudates. A new tobacco sample processing method was developed by using different extraction chemistry with surfactant. Marlboro Gold cigarettes were employed as model samples for method development. Parameters critical for pollen extraction, which include number of cigarette sticks used, extraction solution, and extraction temperature, were optimized. By using 1% dishwashing detergent to treat three cigarettes at room temperature, the improved method was able to recover sufficient pollen for microscopic analysis in three repeated centrifuge-washing steps and omit hazardous chemicals involved in traditional methods. We focused on the pollen of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), a plant native to North America, as an indicator to differentiate genuine and counterfeit U.S. brand cigarettes. Results from analyzing randomly purchased genuine (authenticated by forensic examination) and known counterfeit Marlboro Gold provided by law enforcement revealed that a significant amount (39%) of Ambrosia were consistently present in all genuine samples, while counterfeit contained none or only trace count. Similar results were found in other counterfeit U.S. brand cigarettes (all seized in the U.S.) involved in this study as well. Lack of Ambrosia in cigarette strongly indicates the product was not originated in the United States.     

从自然推定到人造推定——关于推定范畴的反思

在英美法系国家的证据法学中，法律推定和事实推定、可以反驳的推定和不可反驳的推定等范畴的使用相当混乱。推定是人造的，但又不完全是人造的；人造推定是从自然推定发展而来的，人造推定中包含着自然推定的内容。立法推定和司法推定是设立推定规则的两种基本模式；而根据事项主题可以把推定规则分为八类范式，即事态推定、权利推定、行为推定、原因推定、过错推定、意思推定、明知推定和目的推定。目前，我们的任务是实现推定规则设立的规范化。     

澳大利亚奥林匹克知识产权立法研究

随着奥林匹克运动在全球范围内的发展,澳大利亚、美国、英国等许多已经或即将举办奥运会的国家均就奥林匹克标志保护进行了专门立法。澳大利亚奥林匹克知识产权保护特别法作为一种典型的超越正统知识产权法律体系的模式,非常具有代表意义。分析和探究该法的价值取向和具体适用原则,时于理性选择规制奥林匹克知识产权的保护模式具有现实的借鉴价值。