我国证券投资基金契约结构设计之检讨

证券投资基金契约结构是证券投资基金法制的核心。我国证券投资基金法律中存在有关基金契约结构的条款相互矛盾, 基金契约订约方间法律责任不明, 基金发起人充当基金契约订约方违反代理法理、并可能损害投资人权益等弊端, 我国基金契约结构设计应在明确投资基金和基金契约独特的法律地位和性质前提下, 通过修改完善相关规定, 采纳三位一体的二元投资基金契约结构模式, 即以基金管理人、托管人为订约方, 投资者为相关受益方的三位一体型态, 从而形成基金管理人、托管人为实质受托人, 受益人为实质委托人的二元结构。     

河豚毒素的检验

通过对食用河豚鱼干致死案例的系统毒物分析,本文详细介绍了有关体内河豚毒素的固相萃取方法,利用本方法成功地解决了一起因河豚毒素中毒案件的检验,从死者胃内容、心血中均检出河豚毒素,从死者吃剩的干鱼片中检出1.4μg/g的河豚毒素.     

日本法律文化研究的历史与现状

<正> 一、法律文化的含义目前,在日本对法律文化(亦称"法文化")虽尚未形成一个比较统一、完备的概念,在法学教科书和法学辞典中也找不到这个词以及关于该词的解释、说明,但法学界对此已作出许多有益的探索,发表了一些专著和大量的论文。从这些著作和论文中我们可以看到,日本学者对法律文化的含义大致有四种不同的理解: 有的学者认为,法律文化表示的内容虽然主要是法律制度、设施等,但基本精神植根于人们的观念、意识中。东、西方法律制度之所以不同,是由于法律所得以产生、发挥社会功能的文化背景不同。而这种文化背景的一个重要的也可以说是基本的因素,就是人们的法律意识或法律观念。正是在这个意义上,在     

对拉美民主的解析--读《拉丁美洲的民主:公民民主的未来》

20多年前拉美民主化进程启动时,拉美精英阶层、普通民众以及国际社会都对拉美民主化发展充满期待。然而,进入新千年以来,拉美民主化进程正面临着前所未有的危机,拉美国家已有多位总统迫于民众压力提前卸任;一些国家的选举投票率下降,民众示威抗议等活动时有发生。2004年4月,联合国开发计划署发表了由专家学者完成的关于拉美18国民主现状的报告《拉丁美洲的民主:公民民主的未来》(UNDP,DemocracyinLatinAmerica:TowardsaCitizens’Democracy,Argentina,2004)。这份理论与事实并重的报告对拉美民主问题进行了独到的解析,为深入了解拉美民…     

联合国改革与巴西"入常"问题

安理会扩大作为联合国改革最重要的一环,被逐步提上日程.在"入常"问题上,巴西与日本、德国、印度捆绑在一起,组成了"4国集团".巴西"入常"是"4国集团"中最符合安理会改革目标的.巴西有大国的抱负,在拉美国家中最具实力和地位,是最大的发展中国家之一.由于"4国集团"的安理会改革提案缺少现实可能性,加之美国及墨西哥、阿根廷等本地区国家的强烈反对,巴西"入常"的前景不十分明朗.     

中东欧和独联体转型国家国有农地制度研究述评

许多独联体和中东欧地区国家转型后对农地所有制进行了变革,但并不彻底,还有一定规模的国有农地被保留。相应成立的土地基金等国有农地管理机构,通过出租、出售等经济手段对国有农地进行管理,目的是形成规模合理的农业生产单位,解决农业所有制转型后存在的土地碎片化和生产单位二元结构等问题,提高农业效率,促进农户生产和现代农业发展有机衔接。一些国有农地管理机构还担负着农村公共服务职能。本文的研究表明,通过农地所有权、承包权和经营权“三权分置”,确保租约稳定,完善配套的法律制度和土地交易制度,优化市场环境,对于提高国有农地的使用效率和增强土地利用的可持续性至关重要。     

Identifying Counterfeit Cigarettes Using Environmental Pollen Analysis: An Improved Procedure*

Traditional pollen preparation techniques provide clear residues for pollen identification; however, such methods are time-consuming, requiring repeated centrifugation, heating, and digestion with high-concentration hazardous chemicals. Tobacco leaves can effectively trap environmental pollen due to hairy surface and terpene-rich exudates. A new tobacco sample processing method was developed by using different extraction chemistry with surfactant. Marlboro Gold cigarettes were employed as model samples for method development. Parameters critical for pollen extraction, which include number of cigarette sticks used, extraction solution, and extraction temperature, were optimized. By using 1% dishwashing detergent to treat three cigarettes at room temperature, the improved method was able to recover sufficient pollen for microscopic analysis in three repeated centrifuge-washing steps and omit hazardous chemicals involved in traditional methods. We focused on the pollen of common ragweed (Ambrosia artemisiifolia), a plant native to North America, as an indicator to differentiate genuine and counterfeit U.S. brand cigarettes. Results from analyzing randomly purchased genuine (authenticated by forensic examination) and known counterfeit Marlboro Gold provided by law enforcement revealed that a significant amount (39%) of Ambrosia were consistently present in all genuine samples, while counterfeit contained none or only trace count. Similar results were found in other counterfeit U.S. brand cigarettes (all seized in the U.S.) involved in this study as well. Lack of Ambrosia in cigarette strongly indicates the product was not originated in the United States.     

Reluctant policy innovation through profit concession and informality tolerance: A strategic relational view of policy entrepreneurship in China's urban redevelopment

This paper engages with the theoretical perspective of policy entrepreneurship to examine the pattern and process of policy change in the context of China's urban redevelopment. Drawing upon a strategic-relational reinterpretation of policy entrepreneurship, this paper identifies a distinctive form of reluctant policy innovation in the “three old renewals” scheme initiated in Guangzhou where profit concession and informality tolerance were practiced to create a small window of opportunity for the project of urban redevelopment to break ground. The motivation of policy entrepreneurship in the successful urban renewal projects in Guangzhou was heavily contingent upon the geographically important location of the project site and the historically incidence of hosting the 2010 Asian Games, which forced municipal government to become entrepreneurial and innovative in decision making and income redistribution in order to get things done as quickly as possible. The distinct fashion of policy innovation identified in the case of Guangzhou points to the polymorphous and dynamic nature of policy entrepreneurship and advocates a relational treatment of the strategies and motives of policy entrepreneurs embedded in concrete geographical and historical context.     

行为金融信息中介的网贷平台信息披露规则

从金融属性上看,网贷平台提供的是借贷信息中介服务。信息披露是其主营业务内容,平台不能参与借贷交易,否则将使流动性等风险大量集中到平台并引发严重后果。从法律性质来看,网贷平台则是借贷居间商,应当向交易双方履行相应的信息披露义务。网贷业务兼具金融和网络化特点,我国《合同法》第425条的一般性规定无法有效规制网贷平台的信息披露行为。P2P网络借贷信息披露监管规范虽初具体系,但还需围绕投资者等金融消费者保护这一根本宗旨进行改进,使信息披露内容以普通消费者等客户认知水平和需求为导向,信息披露义务的履行贯穿借贷合同存续的全过程,平台违反信息披露义务应当承担相应的民事责任等。