“乡财县管”制度对乡镇财政支出的约束效果——基于湖南两试点乡镇的实证分析

"乡财县管"制度是中央继农村税费改革之后提出的又一重大措施,旨在通过规范乡镇财政收支来缓解基层财政困难、巩固农村税费改革成果.以湖南两试点乡镇为例,从乡镇财政支出的视角对这项改革的实际效果进行了跟踪性实证研究,结果发现:"乡财县管"制度的实施规范了乡镇财政支出活动,但也提高了财务运行成本;保证了工资正常发放,但也加剧了乡镇机构运转困难与公共服务缺位;规范了乡镇预算内支出,但仍难以控制预算外支出.为此,需要通过进一步改革县乡财政体制、建立规范的县乡政府间转移支付制度、转变乡镇财政职能和推进县乡财政信息化等措施,来完善"乡财县管"制度,提高乡镇财政的运行绩效.     

The Heterogeneous Effects of a Food Price Crisis on Child School Enrolment and Labour: Evidence from Pakistan

Using a panel survey, this paper investigates how food price increases in Pakistan in 2008–2010 affect children’s school enrolment and labour. The causal identification relies on the geographical variations in food (wheat) price. The results show that the negative impacts of food price increase on school enrolment differ by gender, economic status and the presence of siblings. The negative effects on school do not directly correspond to the increase in child labour because the transition from being idle to labour activity or from school to being idle is significant, particularly among poor girls. The results also show that children in households with access to agricultural lands are not affected by higher food prices. The analyses reveal a more dynamic picture of the impact of food price increase on child status and contribute to broader policy discussion to mitigate the impact of crises on child education.     

落实“两个普遍”深化“集中行动”在服务大局中彰显工会作为

推进“两个普遍”,发展和谐稳定新型劳动关系,是扩大覆盖面、增强凝聚力的现实需要.要争取更多资源和手段,构建联动工作格局,健全完善激励奖惩机制.坚持党建带工建、工建服务党建,以党工共建创先争优活动为综合载体.加强分类指导和培训,确保针对性和实效性.     

新型证券、期货犯罪若干问题

证券、期货犯罪案件具有数量不多、危害严重、以单位犯罪为主、手段多样、隐蔽性强和被害人具有无意识性和不特定性等特点。应当从本质上判断新型操纵证券、期货市场行为是否符合刑法规定。内幕交易、泄露内幕信息罪中内幕信息以及内幕信息敏感期的判断应当客观和准确。办理证券、期货犯罪案件是否需要作出违法行为行政认定的问题不可一概而论。证券、期货犯罪行为的证据标准应当结合相关司法解释进行把握。违规批露、不批露重要信息罪中损害结果应当以股票市值下跌量为依据。