作为中亚转型国家参考模式的发展型政权

苏联解体20年后,几乎所有的前共产主义国家都程度不同地完成了从计划经济向市场经济的转型.然而,仍然有些转型国家在这一进程中落在后面,其中就有前苏联的5个中亚加盟共和国.对于这些既不同于俄罗斯和东欧,更不同于西方发达国家的国家来说,实现转型没有明显的参照模式.本文的目的就是分析在东亚地区取得成功的"发展型政权"是否也能够为中亚经济体的发展提供一个参考模式.     

Adolescent Daughters’ Romantic Competence: The Role of Divorce,Quality of Parenting,and Maternal Romantic History

This study examined the links between parental divorce, quality of maternal parenting, spousal relationships and middle adolescent romantic competence in 80 mother-adolescent daughter pairs (40 divorced). Mothers were asked to describe their attitudes and behaviors with regard to their daughters’ romantic behavior. In addition, mothers were interviewed about their own romantic experiences when they were at the age of their daughters. Adolescent girls (mean age = 16.98 years; range 16–18) were administered a comprehensive interview about romantic competence. Findings indicated that adolescent girls from divorced families showed lower levels of romantic competence, which were expressed in their behavior, attitudes toward relationships and skill in handling those relationships. Divorce was found to have had an adverse effect on girls’ romantic competence, whereas continued adaptive parenting and spousal relationships alleviated the effect of divorce. Mothers’ coherent representation of their own adolescent romantic experiences also alleviated the effect of divorce on daughters’ romantic behavior. Results show the important role of family relationships in fostering romantic competence among adolescent girls.     

Developmental Associations Between Adolescent Change in Depressive Symptoms and Menstrual-Cycle-Phase-Specific Negative Affect During Early Adulthood

The causal factors associated with increases in depressive symptoms among adolescent girls remain an area of theoretical debate, and the limited research considering a hormonal influence has provided mixed results. The goal of the present study was to test a set of longitudinal associations, that, if found, would provide support for a hormonal contribution to these changes. Specifically, this study tested the hypotheses that changes in depressive symptoms among adolescent girls would be associated with phase-specific symptoms of the menstrual cycle during early adulthood; that these associations would differ across three phases of the menstrual cycle; and that the pattern of associations would differ for changes in depressive symptoms during early- and late-adolescence. The sample consisted of 47 women with longitudinal data from 12 to 21 years old (approximately 91% European Canadian, 4% Middle Eastern Canadian, 2% Haitian Canadian, and 2% Asian Canadian). Consistent with expectations, results showed that early-adolescent increases in depressive symptoms were negatively associated with menstrual-phase negative affect, and positively associated with mid-cycle negative affect, but not associated with premenstrual negative affect; whereas late-adolescent change in depressive symptoms was only associated with depressive symptoms at 20-21 years. Thus, early-adolescent changes in depressive symptoms are longitudinally associated with later mood change across the menstrual cycle, suggesting a common underlying cause, which is hypothesized to be hormonal. Moreover, results suggest that, with respect to variables that are involved in affective development, important differences exist between early- and late-adolescence. The discussion considers menstrual-cycle-related symptoms (e.g., dysmenorrhea) during adolescence, and the need to study their effects on development. It is suggested that focused intervention and prevention efforts may be indicated to interrupt negative developmental outcomes.     

苏维埃俄国的计划经济(续)

正第三章五年计划下的经济发展与经济政策①第一节苏维埃经济彻底社会主义化的历程起初,国外并没有把五年计划当回事,仅将其当作一种宣传,意在激励人们工作。这种怀疑论走得太远了;当计划的内容在苏维埃俄国大多得以落实时,怀疑让位于震惊,在某些圈子里,及至痴迷。然而,彻底的怀疑与过度的痴迷一样,都是非理性的。但是,怀疑论者有一点是对的:一眼就能看出,计划的巨额投资并没有带来一般生活水准的同步改善。同时,不要忘记,掌控所有资源、以     

Risk assessment and suicide prevention in primary care

General practitioners (GPs) are assumed to occupy an important position in the prevention of suicide through the introduction of risk assessment techniques commonly used in psychiatric practice. Despite this theoretical role for primary care services, it remains unclear how frequently GPs implement risk assessment in patients who may be vulnerable to suicide. To address this, a retrospective survey of probable suicides was conducted within a primary care setting utilizing a questionnaire of GPs who had experienced a patient suicide and was augmented by hospital and coroners' records. 85% of questionnaires were returned and 61 deaths were adjudged as suicides during the year long census period. 75% of suicides were male and 54% were aged under 35.28% were in contact with psychiatric services prior to death, although 60% had some diagnosis of mental disorder. GPs had little knowledge of a patient's life circumstances in up to half of cases. Recording of risk assessment occurred in 38% of subjects, was positively associated with prior psychiatric contact (p = 0.001) but negatively associated with presence of physical illness (p = 0.004), older patient age (p = 0.04), and GPs length in practice (p = 0.05). One GP felt their suicide case was preventable. The low rate of risk assessment and limited knowledge of patient lifestyle point to the need for active engagement of GPs in future suicide prevention strategies and should influence the content of training programs in primary care.     

历史主义的解释学问题

在19世纪,除了浪漫主义的解释学外,还有历史主义的解释学。它们之间的一个重要的联结点是解释学循环。除此之外,二者的密切关系在其师承和道统方面。布克、德罗伊森和狄尔泰三人的思想代表了西方19世纪下半叶解释学的一个重要的特点,那就是突出与人文科学的联系,这是以历史意识的逐步确立为中介的,但是他们,尤其是德罗伊森和狄尔泰最终都没能摆脱历史的局限。     

中国走出危机的经验与俄中合作

中国和俄罗斯都经受了国际金融危机的冲击,中国以拉动内需、稳定社会、结构调整为主旨的反危机措施取得显著成效,抵御和摆脱危机的经验值得俄借鉴。俄罗斯能源依赖型增长模式受金融危机重挫,经济结构调整势在必行,创新经济是走出危机和经济复兴的根本途径。中国和俄罗斯的经济结构调整战略为两国未来合作提供了广阔空间。     

印尼农业的技术效率和远期生产增益

一、引言本文目的是评定印尼粮食经济今后能否借助农户技术效率的提高来增大生产效益。下面我们将检验关于种值水稻和杂粮作物(木茨、花生和豆类)的印尼农场抽样样本的技术效率。此外,我们也将评估技术效率、农场规模和农场位置的关系。