东北亚国际秩序的转型与大国的角色定位

从世界发展趋势看,所谓国际体系的转型期即指目前的国际体系向世界体系转换的过渡期。这一转型期客观地要求各个大国的正确的角色定位,即由以往的霸权模式向主导型大国模式的转换。中国欲成为引领世界发展方向的主导型大国,不仅要从文化深层确立"类本位"意识体系,而且也要建构以"和谐世界"为核心并由正义、公正、合理、民主、共赢、和平为其结构的理念体系。     

From national identity to national security: China's changing responses toward India in 1962 and 1998

This article examines Russian Government policy towards Northeast Asia as an interplay between aspirations, which have been expressed by government leaders, parliamentary figures and prominent academics and journalists and actual results. The article uses three levels, global, regional and bilateral, as a basis for the analysis. In terms of global interests the Russian leadership has sought diplomatic balance against the US, in terms of regional interests the leadership has pursued the aim of economic and security integration while at the bilateral level Russian leadership has sought specific benefits from particular relations with China, Japan and South Korea. The article notes that Russia has obtained certain diplomatic benefits from the relationship with China which serve its interests at the global level. At the regional level policy aspirations have been frustrated by Russia's dire economic condition and the tendency to be treated as an ‘outsider’. Russia has benefited from an improvement of bilateral relations with China, Japan and South Korea but these gains do not translate into an improved position at the regional level yet. while the Russian leadership has been nurturing the development of bilateral relationships problems particular to those relationships hinder its wider regional acceptance.     

Preventive servicing is good for business and affordable homeownership policy

Abstract

This article documents the growing importance of preventive servicing—business practices that emphasize early intervention in delinquency and default management practices that also help financially troubled borrowers avoid foreclosure. We suggest that the loan servicing side of the affordable housing delivery system may be underappreciated and undercapitalized.

We use a database of more than 28,000 affordable housing loans to test several preventive servicing‐related propositions and find that after we control for loan and borrower characteristics, the likelihood that a delinquent mortgagor within this universe will ultimately default varies significantly across servicers. This suggests that loan servicing is an important factor in determining whether low‐ and moderate‐income borrowers who fall behind in their mortgage payments will end up losing their homes through foreclosure. It also suggests a need for policy makers to incorporate preventive servicing into affordable homeownership programs.     

《刑法》第一百九十八条第四款引发的思考

我国《刑法》第一百九十八条第四款关于保险诈骗共犯的规定,引发刑法理论界诸多争议。文章阐述了对本法条中保险诈骗共犯的理解,非身份者不能成为身份犯罪共犯的观点,以及注意规定与法律拟制的区分、法条竞合的处理原则等相关问题。     

鸡毒支原体醛缩酶的原核表达及膜定位鉴定

为了探明醛缩酶在支原体中的定位,根据已发表的鸡毒支原体醛缩酶(fba)基因序列设计特异性的引物,以鸡毒支原体Rlow株基因组为模板,通过Overlap PCR点突变扩增鸡毒支原体醛缩酶fba基因,将fba克隆至pET-28a(+)载体后进行序列测定和分析。结果表明,fba基因全长873bp,编码290个氨基酸。将构建的重组表达质粒pET28a-fba转化至大肠杆菌BL21(DE3),在IPTG诱导下成功获得表达融合蛋白rMGfba,大小约为33ku。纯化蛋白并对蛋白进行酶活性检测,结果显示该酶在体外具有与阳性对照醛缩酶相同的催化功能。用该蛋白免疫小鼠制备多克隆抗体,提取鸡毒支原体膜蛋白,Western-blot分析结果显示FBA多抗可与疏水性膜蛋白特异性结合,说明FBA位于鸡毒支原体膜表面。     

05式警用转轮手枪弹壳接触DNA检验方法的比较

目的比较05式警用转轮手枪弹壳表面接触性DNA检验方法,为实际检验提供参考和借鉴。方法制备40例击发后手枪弹壳的模拟样本,分别用两步转移法提取弹壳表面不同部位检材,采用两种DNA提取法和两种扩增试剂盒对样本进行STR分型检验,比较评价检验结果。结果避开发射药残留区域采用两步转移法提取样本,有助于提高检出率;Chelex-100联合Microcon-100法提取模板DNA的产量最高可达1.18ng,高于Mini M48试剂盒法(0.91ng);MiniFilerTM试剂盒的等位基因检出率(23.61%)高于IdentifilerTM试剂盒(6.41%)。结论采用选择适当区域提取检材,采用Chelex-100联合Microcon-100法提取DNA,经MiniFilerTM试剂盒扩增,进行弹壳接触DNA分型的效果较好。     

客观归责理论研究的中国进路

我国学者大多数都将客观归责理论纳入因果关系的范畴进行研究.这一研究进路的选择事实上是混淆了德国刑法理论不同发展阶段因果关系和归责的概念并且忽略了中国刑法理论通说与德国刑法理论中因果关系概念的差异所致,因而客观归责理论难以移植和生存,并进一步导致理论上的混乱.我国对客观归责理论的借鉴应在犯罪论体系下进行研究,运用该理论改造现有的构成要件理论或予以重构.     

自下而上的规范制定与网络安全国际规范的生成

信息通信技术的使用给国际和平与国家安全带来威胁,而网络安全国际规范还处在生成的过程中。各国政府致力于达成一定的规范共识,但常常受到国家间政治博弈的影响。在此情况下,互联网企业及非政府组织开始以“自下而上”的方式积极参与到规范制定中,并提出了不少有别于现有规范成果的规范倡议。互联网企业及非政府组织期望严格约束国家的网络空间行为,并在网络安全治理中扮演更重要的角色。它们提出的规范倡议从多个方面弥补了现有规范的不足。在现实中,主导规范制定的国家行为体与非国家行为体既相互利用,又持续博弈,互联网企业及非政府组织在规范制定进程中的权力与影响力受限。联合国信息安全开放式工作组及少部分国家有限度地向非国家行为体开放,使经过挑选的部分规范倡议进入政府间规范讨论议程,但国家间的分歧与博弈又阻止了这些规范倡议成为受到认可的国际规范。尽管如此,国家间博弈方式的转变,即越来越多的国家利用互联网企业及非政府组织的力量为政治博弈服务,以及公私关系更为平衡的新型网络安全治理模式的构建,为互联网企业及非政府组织争取更大的规范制定权力提供了机会。     

The Optimization of Electrophoresis on a Glass Microfluidic Chip and its Application in Forensic Science

Microfluidic chips offer significant speed, cost, and sensitivity advantages, but numerous parameters must be optimized to provide microchip electrophoresis detection. Experiments were conducted to study the factors, including sieving matrices (the concentration and type), surface modification, analysis temperature, and electric field strengths, which all impact the effectiveness of microchip electrophoresis detection of DNA samples. Our results showed that the best resolution for ssDNA was observed using 4.5% w/v (7 M urea) lab‐fabricated LPA gel, dynamic wall coating of the microchannel, electrophoresis temperatures between 55 and 60°C, and electrical fields between 350 and 450 V/cm on the microchip‐based capillary electrophoresis (μCE) system. One base‐pair resolution could be achieved in the 19‐cm‐length microchannel. Furthermore, both 9947A standard genomic DNA and DNA extracted from blood spots were demonstrated to be successfully separated with well‐resolved DNA peaks in 8 min. Therefore, the microchip electrophoresis system demonstrated good potential for rapid forensic DNA analysis.     

口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白对豚鼠CD8~+T细胞应答的免疫增强作用

为了整体评价口蹄疫病毒非结构蛋白和前导蛋白对免疫应答的影响,选用反向遗传操作技术构建的与野生型毒株(Mya98/BY/2010)P1基因相同而非结构蛋白和前导蛋白不同的重组病毒(分别被命名为Re-Mya98/BY/2010)和Mya98/BY/2010)作为抗原,经BEI灭活后与4种佐剂乳化,制备不同的疫苗作为免疫原。然后免疫豚鼠,利用流式细胞仪检测免疫豚鼠CD4+T细胞和CD8+T细胞亚群的含量,ELISA方法检测免疫豚鼠血清中抗体应答。免疫后第28天进行攻毒试验。结果,抗原剂量相同的条件下,重组Re-Mya98/BY/2010疫苗比Mya98/BY/2010疫苗更能有效诱导CD8+亚群,每个时间点都含有较高的含量。ELISA结果显示,Mya98/BY/2010和Re-Mya98/BY/2010抗原都能诱导抗体应答,早期Re-Mya98/BY/2010诱导更高的抗体应答。豚鼠攻毒后,免疫Re-Mya98/BY/2010疫苗的保护率分别达到100%、83.33%、100%和50%,而免疫Mya98/BY/2010疫苗的保护率仅为20%、0、17%和25%,两者具有明显的统计学差异。结果表明,口蹄疫非结构蛋白在诱导免疫应答方面具有显著的诱导CD8+T淋巴细胞应答和提高免疫保护率的作用。