中美特殊经贸关系与“契约”之路径

晚近,中美作为非同质的两个世界大国,新兴的一方与守成的另一方发生了巨大的权力变迁,相应地,双方在国际经贸领域的收益分配也出现了反转的态势,同时中美形成的激烈经济与战略竞争使得双方经贸关系"政治化"更加明显。缘此,中美之间的既有经贸关系正面临着前所未有的变动压力,或已难以完全固守普适于各国的统一"规则",客观上需要引入一种可适时而变的专门"契约"加以修补,借以寻求双方之间收益分配的再平衡。     

江西省餐具、饮具集中消毒服务单位现状调查及分析

目的:了解江西省餐具、饮具集中消毒服务单位现状。方法:对江西省内所有持工商营业执照的餐具、饮具集中消毒服务单位开展问卷调查,并作统计分析。结果:江西省共有166家持证的餐具、饮具集中消毒服务单位,78.92%为私有制,90.96%的单位日产量在1万套以下。厂区选址和内环境合格率分别为14.46%、63.25%,生产车间装修合格率为57.83%,60.24%的单位采用全自动化生产设备。成品仓储、运输过程卫生合格率分别为38.55%、39.76%,生产记录、出厂检验、包装标识合格率依次为37.35%、54.22%、77.71%。结论:江西省餐具、饮具集中消毒服务单位以中小规模的私营单位为主,现场卫生问题突出,建议通过完善法律、前置卫生审核、强化主体责任意识、卫生质量控制等措施,改善行业现状。     

PROGRESS DESPITE PROBLEMS

China focuses on building a stronger financial system to support the real economy Compared with the progress and status of China's economy and trade, its financial system seems to be much less impressive and powerful. Many analysts regard it as a major vulnerability in China's economic development. The basic facts, however, underscore the success of the system and its global importance today: China has the second largest stock market and bond market in the world。     

大鼠脑挫伤后脑C-FOS、AQP-4表达与损伤时间的关系

目的观察大鼠脑挫伤组织周围C-FOS、AQP-4表达的时序性变化规律,分析评价其在脑挫伤时间推断中的价值。方法采用自由落体撞击法建立SD大鼠开放性脑挫伤模型,于伤后0~168h不同时间点取挫伤区脑组织,应用HE染色及免疫组织化学染色方法,结合图像分析及统计学技术进行分析,并与假手术组和正常对照组进行比较。结果大鼠脑挫伤后0~168h时间内脑皮质挫伤区内C-FOS、AQP-4的表达随损伤时间的变化呈明显的时序性变化,C-FOS阳性表达于伤后12h、AQP-4阳性表达于伤后72h分别达高峰。根据实验组各时间点IOD值,分别建立根据C-FOS、AQP-4表达推断损伤时间的回归方程。结论脑挫伤部位C-FOS和AQP-4的表达规律在脑挫伤时间推断中有潜在的应用价值。     

An immunohistochemical study of basic fibroblast growth factor in early acute myocardial ischemia

With the use of immunohistochemistry, the expression of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) in early acute myocardial ischemia of rats was studied. It was observed that there was an initial (30 min) rise in bFGF expression in limited ischemic myocardium areas and perimyocardial ischemia areas. The grade of expression of bFGF increased with the continuation of ischemia. The results of image analysis and statistical process suggested that the expression of bFGF reach a high level in ischemic myocardial areas after three hour's of ischemia, significantly higher than in control group and in group B1, but no significant difference in pericardial ischemia areas and normal areas of the same group. In summary, early acute myocardial ischemia is accompanied by rapid and prolonged increase in expression of bFGF with characteristic spatial and temporal kinetic. This finding suggests that the immunohistochemical staining of bFGF provide objective morphologic evidence for the diagnosis of early myocardial ischemia.     

Licensed firearm dealers,legal compliance,and local homicide: A case study

Research summary

This study uses a combination of tract-level and street network-level analyses to examine: (1) the overall association between federally licensed firearm dealers (FFLs) and homicides, (2) the relationship between dealers with serious violations (such as selling to prohibited buyers or failing to record sales) and homicide, and (3) whether the dealer–homicide association is moderated by community disadvantage. Results replicate and confirm a relationship between dealers and homicides in disadvantaged neighborhoods. Importantly, however, we also find that proximity to noncompliant dealers specifically elevates the risk of lethal violence.

Policy implications

We detail how a coordinated effort between federal, state, and local agencies to regulate firearm dealers and ensure that legal compliance can be instrumental in reducing gun violence. There is a clear need for increased oversight of gun dealers and more robust policies that hold negligent dealers accountable, including the necessary funding and regulatory manpower to enable regular auditing and support consistent follow-up for noncompliant dealers. A comprehensive policy framework that supports supply-side gun violence reduction should include additions to state-level laws that require record keeping, videotaping and store security, and regular inspection for firearm dealers.     

Detection of Diatoms by a Combination of Membrane Filtration and Transparentness,

Diagnosis of drowning remains a difficult issue in current forensic sciences. A large number of diatoms were lost by removing the supernatant after centrifugation in the conventional forensic diatom test. We developed a novel membrane filtration method to enrich diatoms from samples. A new solution using different ratios of acetic acid and eugenol is prepared to make the membrane transparent. These processes allow the diatom‐containing membrane to be visualized and identified easily by light microscopy. The tissues contaminated by water rich in diatoms were detected by the new method for the recovery of diatoms. Eleven drowning cases were analyzed by both the new method and the conventional method to compare the sensitivity of both methods. The recovery of the novel diatom test method was 54.2 ± 23.1%. The positive rate of the novel method has been proven to be superior to the conventional method in the diagnosis of drowning.     

ICF脑卒中核心分类组合功能的图形建模研究

目的依据《国际功能、残疾和健康分类(ICF)》脑卒中核心组合,探讨脑卒中相关功能类目之间的关系,绘制ICF脑卒中核心分类组合的功能地形图,为脑卒中的伤残评定提供科学理论依据。方法收集106例脑卒中被鉴定人样本,采用"最小的绝对缩减和变量选择算子",研究脑卒中ICF核心组合功能的59项类目变量之间的条件依存关系,并用图形建模分析类目之间的内在联系,绘制功能地形图。结果 59项类目之间的相互联系构成了功能地形图,b340、b735、b175和b152因关联性较高而居于地形图的中心位置。结论脑卒中功能地形图可以揭示ICF功能类目之间复杂的关系结构及关联程度。可以为应用ICF进行脑卒中的伤残评定提供科学理论依据。     

中国法医临床学之鉴定现状、技术标准与科学研究

对中国法医临床学现状从四个方面进行研究:一是鉴定业务占据司法鉴定主流。截止到2014年,法医临床类鉴定案件量逾100万件/年,占同期20个司法鉴定类别(在司法行政部门注册登记)案件总数的55.3%,鉴定委托事项数量超过17项。二是技术标准体系基本确立。目前已有各类鉴定标准22项,常用标准14项。三是以问题为导向的学科研究活跃。鉴定实践中的难点问题构成了学术研究的主要方向,其中包括肢体功能评定、视觉功能和听觉功能评定、男子性功能评定,活体骨龄评定以及医疗纠纷司法鉴定等,应用临床电生理技术及功能影像学技术客观评定人体功能,取得了一批突破性的成果。四是推动标准化建设成为大势所趋。目前,法医临床学的主要问题是鉴定标准的科学性差与证明力低,在国家着力推动标准化战略的大背景下,完善法医临床学标准化体系建设是目前的当务之急。     

论伪造货币罪

货币是与国计民生和经济发展关系极为密切,古今中外各国的刑事立法都毫不犹豫地把伪造货币的行为规定为犯罪予以刑法上的严厉打击,以维护货币的独力与稳定。本文就伪造货币罪的概念、构成特征、司法认定和刑事处罚等问题进行了探讨。