可燃气体监测报警与建筑火灾自动报警及联动控制系统实现集中控制的探讨

本文围绕民用及公共建筑中,可燃气体监测报警系统、建筑火灾自动报警及联动控制系统的构成、特点以及两套系统实现集中控制的技术措施、存在的问题等内容进行了阐述.     

Evaluation of human brain damage in fatalities due to extreme environmental temperature by quantification of basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100β and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) immunoreactivities

Fatalities due to extreme environmental temperatures involving hypothermia (cold exposure) and hyperthermia (heat stroke) might present with poor or nonspecific morphological pathologies, which are insufficient to establish the cause of death in forensic practice. The present study immunohistochemically investigated basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF), glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP), S100β and single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) in the parietal lobe and hippocampus of the brain in fatalities from hypothermia (n=15) and hyperthermia (n=18), and compared them to those of controls (n=39), including acute death due to ischemic heart disease, mechanical asphyxiation and drowning. In addition, S100β concentration in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) was measured. Characteristic findings in hypothermia cases were higher glial bFGF immunopositivity in the cerebral cortex and white matter, and higher S100β immunopositivity in the cerebral cortex with a lower CSF S100β concentration. Hyperthermia showed lower glial GFAP and S100β immunopositivities in the white matter, and higher neuronal ssDNA immunopositivity in the cerebral cortex and hippocampus, accompanied by high glial bFGF and S100β immunopositivities in the cerebral cortex. These findings suggest neuroprotective glial responses without marked neuronal or glial damage in fatal hypothermia, and diffuse neuronal apoptosis despite initiation of neuroprotective cortical astrocyte responses, accompanied by glial damage in the white matter, in fatal hyperthermia. These markers may be useful for evaluating brain damage and responses in fatalities due to extreme environmental temperatures.     

数字文化商品确权与交易规则的构建

数字文化商品是信息社会诞生的一种新型的财产形态。美国法对数字文化商品提供知识产权保护;俄罗斯则直接以所有权模式对它加以保护;欧盟则把数字文化商品交易作为服务对待。这三种保护模式均有失偏颇。应立足数字文化商品的自身属性,理性反思《美国统一计算机信息交易法》确立的信息权制度,以大陆法系的民法思维进行重构。信息权是一种既不同于知识产权和物权又不同于债权的崭新的财产权形态,是权利人直接支配特定的信息产品并排除他人干涉的权利。大陆法系视野下的信息权制度的提出,不仅可以有效地为数字文化商品确权,而且可以为数字文化商品交易规则的构建奠定基础。     

机动车车辆识别代码检验存在的问题及对策

机动车车辆识别代码是车辆的合法“身份证”,具有世界统一的行业编制规则和30年不重复的特点,该代码的检验结论对于打击盗窃、抢劫、走私、套牌和拼装机动车辆犯罪活动具有重要作用.当前我国机动车车辆识别代码检验工作中存在问题及解决问题的对策值得探讨.     

习近平新时代家风建设重要论述的逻辑生成、科学内涵与实践价值

习近平新时代家风建设重要论述具有严密的内在逻辑和深刻的哲学意蕴.它是马克思主义家庭建设思想的继承与创新,是中国传统家国同构思想的积淀与突破,是全面建成小康社会实践的回应与凝结.习近平新时代家风建设重要论述是习近平新时代中国特色社会主义思想的有机组成部分,它将理论与实践相统一、历史与现实相结合、中国与世界相联系,系统深刻地回答了"什么是家风建设、为什么要进行家风建设、怎么进行家风建设"等基本问题.准确把握习近平新时代家风建设重要论述的科学内涵,从中国特色社会主义经济、政治、文化、社会、生态文明建设五大方面着眼,积极探索新时代大力推进家风建设发展的实践价值,具有重要的理论意义和实践意义.     

Collective Resistance under Authoritarianism: Elite–Mass Strategies in an Experimental Game

We create a collective resistance game in which elites control the distribution of resources if the masses are compliant. However, if the masses unanimously protest elite allocations, they can capture a greater share of resources for themselves. We study how Chinese villagers, randomly assigned to the role of elites and masses, play this game in repeated interactions under varying information conditions. We find significant variation in the extent to which participants gave weight in their decisions to (1) the amount of the elite allocation and (2) their beliefs about the likely choices of fellow group members. Many individuals made their decisions based primarily on the size of the elite allocation, choosing to protest if the elite offer fell below some threshold level. Only a small proportion of the respondents were attuned consistently to the behavioral intentions of fellow group members in deciding whether to protest the elite allocation. This heterogeneity of preferences among participants has significant implications for their prospects of achieving and sustaining collective action. Knowledge of the amount of resources controlled by elites at the start of the game affected mass calculations of the fairness of distributions and increased the frequency of mass protests. However, the elites exploited the decision rule of many mass members by buying off those individuals with the lowest thresholds, thus preempting or dissolving collective action. This research sheds light on elite–mass interactions under authoritarianism, and in particular on contentious politics in contemporary China.     

古巴革命以来的对外政策研究

古巴革命胜利后至今,其外交政策可分为两个主要阶段.第一阶段从1959年革命胜利到20世纪80年代末90年代初东欧剧变、苏联解体.在这一时期古巴奉行"无产阶级国际主义",加强与"苏联和其他社会主义国家兄弟般的友谊、帮助与合作,以及拉丁美洲和全世界工人和人民的团结".第二阶段从20世纪80年代末90年代初至今.在这一时期,古巴努力贯彻全方位多边外交政策,力求打破美国封锁和孤立政策,扩大生存空间,改善国际环境.拓展经贸合作.古巴十分重视同中国、越南等社会主义国家的友好关系,积极发展同亚洲和非洲发展中国家之间的关系.在不结盟运动、伊比利亚美洲首脑会议、联合国等国际组织中积极开展多边合作.     

China's New Neighboring Diplomacy

China＇s new thinking about neighboring diplomacy in Asia since the end of Cold War can be analyzed theoretically from angle of international institutions. China utilizes institutionalism with great flexibility in four sub-regions-Central Asia, Northeast Asia, Southeast Asia and South Asia, where institutional models-dominant participation, deep participation, active participation and moderate participation models have been adopted. In the four sub-regions in Asia, China has handled the presence of U.S interests well and responded reasonably to the United States＇ Asian diplomacy. China and the United States have therefore achieved a compatible coexistence in Asia. Compatibility and coexistence between China and the United States in Asia are the fundamental reasons that China has made progress in this new stage, and are the essence of the new thinking in China＇s neighboring diplomacy.     

智利经济-社会转型的特点和经验

智利经济-社会转型的特点是由国家资本主义向市场资本主义转变;转型模式随着改革的深入逐渐形成和完善;发挥比较优势,促进出口增长;在市场经济的框架内建立社会保障体系;威权政府为转型开辟了道路,转型又反过来促进了政治民主化.经济-社会转型的经验是审时度势,顺应时代潮流;起用专家治国,灵活调整政策;在稳定和增长的前提下,兼顾公平,追求和谐发展;社会保障体系的建立是经济-社会转型成功的基础和关键.     

中国社会科学院首届大使论坛:"巴西的大国地位与大国战略"召开

2005年8月18日,由中国社会科学院国际合作局和拉美所主办、拉美所国际关系室承办的中国社会科学院首届大使论坛“巴西的大国地位与大国战略”在中国社会科学院亚太所会议室举行。巴西驻中国大使路易斯·奥古斯托·德卡斯特罗·内维斯作了“巴西———发展中大国及其国际战略”的主题演讲。来自外交部、中联部、国际问题研究所、现代国际关系研究院、荷兰莱顿大学,中国社科院国际合作局、世界经济与政治研究所、美国所、日本所和拉美所等单位的领导、专家和学者,以及人民日报、新华社、中国国际广播电等新闻单位的中外代表60多人参加了会议。…