报复社会型个人极端暴力犯罪的历史演变与综合防治(1978-2013)

改革开放以来的35年中,报复社会型个人极端暴力犯罪从之初的个别省市偶发逐渐蔓延至全国且逐年攀升,并呈现出以男性犯罪人为主、以纵火和爆炸为主要作案手段、公共场所及中小学校园成为主要作案地点、私人恩怨和个人需求未得到政府满足为案件主要起因、以不特定公众为主要侵害对象、危害后果严重等特点。为了有效防控报复社会型个人极端暴力犯罪,需要全面提高罪前的综合防控与预测预警能力、罪中的现场处置与应急反应能力以及罪后的严厉打击与妥善处置能力。     

Evaluation of the persistently violent offender treatment program

The treatment of violent offenders has evolved in recent years, shifting from interventions focused on anger management to those incorporating social information processing skills. The present study was a multimethod evaluation of one such program, the Persistently Violent Offender program. A total of 256 Canadian male violent offenders participated in the study; 70 Persistently Violent Offender program completers were compared to two control groups (n(1) = 33, n(2) = 105) who completed an alternate program and to 48 offenders who failed to complete either program. Results demonstrate few differences among groups in terms of changes on measures of treatment targets, involvement in institutional misconducts, and postrelease returns to custody, thus demonstrating that the Persistently Violent Offender program was superior to neither the alternate program nor program noncompletion. These results are discussed in light of the findings from two more promising recent evaluations of similar programs.     

创意保护的法律路径

创意的法律保护是近年来许多国家创意产业发展中面临的一个基础性命题和共同难题。创意应具有新颖性和具体性。关于创意保护的权利基础,主要有财产权理论、合同理论、不当得利理论和保密关系理论。我国有关创意保护的理论研究与司法实践均处于初创阶段,应从三个方面构建创意保护的法律制度：在性质上,将创意界定为一种独立的知识财产;在保护范围上,坚持创意判断上的相对新颖性和具体性标准;在保护模式上,确立以著作权法为主导、以合同法等法律为补充的系统保护机制。     

德国能源立法及其对我国的启示

德国一直注重通过法律手段对能源产业、能源供需制度进行调节和监管。目前,德国已形成了以《能源经济法》为基本法,由煤炭立法、石油立法、可再生能源立法、节约能源立法、核能立法、生态税收立法等专门法为中心内容的能源立法体系,对我国的能源立法具有较大的借鉴意义。     

揭开"公司法人格否认"之面纱

揭开公司面纱系英美判例法上发展起来的一项法理原则,此原则过去被日本学者误译为"公司法人格否认",后传入我国并在学界广为流传.以"公司法人格否认"之误译表征"揭开公司面纱"原则不仅在理论上和逻辑上留下诸多漏洞,且其所隐舍的概念法学思维方式更具潜在危害性.我国应以"揭开公司面纱"或"直索责任"取代"公司法人格否认"之不当称谓,并应警惕概念法学思维方式的潜在危害.     

家兔低压电击伤后血清LDH和HBDH活性变化

目的研究家兔非热低压电击伤后不同时间乳酸脱氢酶（lactate dehydrogenase,LDH）和羟丁酸脱氢酶（hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase,HBDH）活性的变化．为I临床和法医学非热电击伤提供诊断依据。方法健康新西兰大白兔40只,随机分为对照组和电击伤后7个时间点的实验组,每组5只。实验组使用本室已建立的非热低压电击伤方法处理,电击后各实验组动物按照预定时间点麻醉后抽取5mL心室血．测定血清LDH,HBDH酶活性。结果在非热低压电击伤后家兔目标血清酶活性发生了动态变化,有一定规律性,其中LDH活性在电击伤后4、12h和1、2、3d明显升高（4、12h和1d P〈0．01;2和3d P〈0．05）;HBDH活性在电击伤后2和3d明显升高（P〈0．05）;电击组HBD肌DH比值在2、4和12h与对照组比较显著降低（P〈0．01）。结论动态监测LDH、HBDH活性,可为非热电击损伤的诊断,损伤时间推断提供理论依据。     

Institutionalized corruption: power overconcentration of the First-in-Command in China

Among various kinds of corruption in China, corruption of the First-in-Command (FIC) is most pernicious, threatening the legitimacy of the Chinese Communist Party and the stability of the state. This paper examines several specific institutional arrangements under China’s current political structure, including the people’s congress, the ruling party system, and the collective leadership team system, to see how they have contributed to power overconcentration in the hands of FICs. This is done in a two-round process: first through the collective leadership team and then by the gestating decision-making rule. The paper also assesses four institutional innovations designed to prevent FIC corruption.

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Debt,democratization, and development in Latin America: How policy can affect global warming

The environmental Kuznets curve (EKC) hypothesis conjectures a nonlinear relationship between pollution and economic growth, such that pollution per capita initially increases as countries economically develop, but then reaches a maximum point before ultimately declining. Much of the EKC literature has focused on testing this basic hypothesis and, in studies that find evidence of an EKC, estimating the “turning point” level of development at which the per capita pollution‐growth relationship changes sign. This approach has not emphasized the policy relevance of specification issues or the potential role of policy variables. This research explores a modified EKC specification which conditions the pollution‐growth relationship on a country's level of debt and degree of democratization. These variables turn out to be significant, implying that different political and economic contexts can shift EKCs and their turning points. These findings suggest that policies to relieve debt burdens and institute political reform, in addition to their usual justifications, also could be used as a strategy to reduce carbon emissions from developing countries. © 2008 by the Association for Public Policy Analysis and Management.     

浅析社会因素对印度与巴基斯坦和解的意义

1947年分治以后,印巴两国已经为了克什米尔等问题交恶数十年,和解似乎总是遥遥无期,尽管目前两国领导人多次做出和解的善意举动和行为,但是关键时刻出现的阻碍和解进程的意外事件发生总是让两国出现的和解再度幻灭。究其原因在于两国之间社会层面因素成为和解的主要阻碍。本文试图从社会层面入手分析国家与社会之间的张力带给和解进程的含义,着重提出社会层面问题上解决两国和解问题上的政策建议。     

WTO框架之下构建我国技术法规和标准体系的思考

为了消除国际贸易中不合理、不必要的技术性贸易壁垒,TBT与SPS协定应运而生。WTO在鼓励成员方采纳国际标准,或是在科学根据的前提之下制定高于国际标准的同时,WTO/TBT、SPS协议对各国技术法规的制定和实施采取了一系列约束性规定。我国作为世界上最大的发展中国家,完善的技术法规和标准体系对于我国开拓海外市场,促进出口,以及提高国内产品质量,保障消费者利益等都有着十分重要的意义。因此,我国政府相关部门必须结合我国国情,在广泛借鉴并认真研究WTO相关规则的基础上,构建我国的技术法规和标准体系。