AGCU Mini系统在法医学中的应用

目的考察及评价AGCU Mini系统在法医学实践中的应用价值。方法应用AGCU Mini系统检测12 775份陈旧血样,进行梯度DNA模板浓度分析,并与IdentifilerTM试剂盒检测结果进行比对,评价体系的检测成功率及方法的灵敏度。针对AGCU Mini系统中D19S253基因座,对699份浙江汉族无关个体进行多态性调查。结果 12 775份陈旧血样采用AGCU Mini试剂盒检测,12 885份(96.1%)分型成功,检测灵敏度为40pg(10μL体系),方法成功率及灵敏度均高于IdentifilerTM试剂盒。D19S253基因座共检出9个等位基因,频率范围为0.005 7～0.316 2,杂合度为0.814 0,多态性信息含量为0.772 9。结论 AGCU Mini系统可用于法医微量物证的STR分析,与相关试剂盒联合使用价值更高。     

中国汉族人群46个Y-STR基因座多态性与突变调查

目的调查分析46个Y-STR基因座在中国汉族人群中的遗传多态性与突变情况。方法收集中国汉族人群1 008名无关男性个体、1 124对父子共2 165份男性血样。采用Yfiler PlusTM、AGCU Y-24、GFS 24Y 3种复合扩增试剂盒进行46个Y-STR基因座分型,统计各基因座群体遗传学参数与突变情况。结果 1 008名中国汉族无关男性个体,共检出1 001种单倍型,其中994种仅出现1次,总体单倍型多样性值(HD)和识别能力(DC)分别为0.999 986和0.993 1。46个基因座共检出548个等位基因,基因多样性值(GD)在0.432 0~0.953 2之间,37个基因座GD值大于0.6。1 124对父子共检测出51 739次等位基因传递,193对父子41个基因座共观察到214次突变,平均突变率为4.1×10-3(95%CI 3.6~4.7×10-3)。其中一步突变209次(97.7%),两步突变5次(2.3%);175对仅1个基因座发生突变(90.7%)。结论本文46个Y-STR基因座中大多数在中国汉族人群中具有较高的遗传多态性,适合法医学应用,高突变率基因座在Y-STR数据库家系查询与父系鉴定应用中应予以关注。     

良法善治:新时代中国之治的价值内蕴及实践路径

法治是国家治理体系和治理能力现代化的基本要求和基本方式。党的十九大和十九届四中全会都强调用良法保障善治。良法是善治的前提和基础,善治是国家治理的价值内涵和追求。选择良法善治,是新时代中国之治的客观使然。新时代,我国的国家治理必须在党的领导下,不断推进科学立法、严格执法、公正司法、全民守法,全面推进依法治国、法治中国建设,实现良法善治。     

分别管辖:监察法和刑事诉讼法牵连公诉案件的管辖策略

监察法和刑事诉讼法的公诉案件牵连表现为一人犯数罪和共同犯罪的案件牵连,因被调查人(犯罪嫌疑人)在不同法律规范系统中享有不同的诉讼权利而产生管辖冲突。为协调实现监察法和刑事诉讼法的价值追求应按照职能管辖的划分标准对牵连公诉案件采取分别管辖的策略。对按照分别管辖策略实施调查行为和侦查行为时可能产生的冲突,消解措施分别是:禁止辩护律师泄露会见刑事诉讼中的犯罪嫌疑人知悉的案件情况,禁止刑事诉讼委托人泄露被辩护律师告知的案件信息;确认诉讼时间成本和诉讼经济成本增加是追求公正价值的对价;由监察机关和侦查机关配合协调解决案件办理期限、案件调查措施和侦查措施的冲突。     

The Relationship Between Confidence and Accuracy in Clinical Assessment of Psychiatric Patients' Potential for Violence

The authors studied the relationship between confidence and accuracy in clinical assessments of psychiatric patients' short-term risk of violence. At the time of entry to the hospital, physicians (N = 78) estimated the probability that each of 317 patients would physically attack other people during the first week of psychiatric hospitalization. The clinicians also indicated the degree of confidence they had in their estimates of violence potential. Nurses rated the occurrence of inpatient physical assaults with the Overt Aggression Scale. The results showed that when clinicians had a high degree of confidence, their evaluations of risk of violence were strongly associated with whether or not patients became violent. At moderate levels of confidence, clinicians' risk estimates had a lower, but still substantial relationship with the later occurrence of violence. However, when clinicians had low confidence, their assessments of potential for violence had little relationship to whether or not the patients became violent. The findings suggest that the level of confidence that clinicians have in their evaluations is an important moderator of the predictive validity of their assessments of patients' potential for violence.     

抢劫致人重伤、死亡中的“人“

"抢劫致人重伤、死亡"中的"人",包含抢劫对象这没什么争议,但是否还包括抢劫对象以外的其他人,存在争议.笔者认为有条件地包括抢劫对象和第三人,对"有条件"的判断应当以刑法中的因果关系为根据,进行具体分析.     

Profiles of urine samples from participants at rave party in Taiwan: prevalence of ketamine and MDMA abuse

Drug abuse patterns are different due to cultural, social and geographical differences. Methamphetamine (MA) is the most important drug of abuse in Taiwan followed by opiates. Recently, there has been an increase of ketamine and MDMA abuse in disco dancing clubs. Here, we report the patterns of drug abuse by the participants in a metropolitan city disco-dancing club and the general public in Taiwan. The positive rates of common drugs of abuse detected in samples collected from participants in a dancing club were as follows: MDMA, 75.7%; ketamine, 47.0%; MA, 41.6%; opiates, 0%. Marijuana and cocaine were detected at much lower rates (3.4 and 4.7%, respectively). Ketamine and one of the amphetamines were detected together in 42.9% of the samples. The positive rates in samples collected from police detainees suspected of drug abuse in the general public were as follows: MA, 76.0%; OPA, 37.0%; MDMA, 6.0%; ketamine, 2.0%.