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181.
182.
Julian Cooper 《后苏联事务》2013,29(2):121-142
The partial reorientation of the Soviet defense industry toward civilian production is examined by a prominent Western specialist in the context of the overall reduction in military spending. Provisions of the current program for conversion in the defense complex are analyzed with due consideration of anticipated effects on the economy at large. The author discusses the expected mix between civilian and military production within the defense industry, and notes the range and number of enterprises affected. Also outlined are the implications of the conversion program for military R&D and for the size and compensation of the workforce in the defense complex, journal of Economic Literature, Classification Numbers: P20, H56. 相似文献
183.
Exploring poverty traps and social exclusion in South Africa using qualitative and quantitative data
Recent theoretical work hypothesises that a polarised society like South Africa will suffer a legacy of ineffective social capital and blocked pathways of upward mobility that leaves large numbers of people trapped in poverty. To explore these ideas, this paper employs a mix of quantitative and qualitative methods. Novel econometric analysis of asset dynamics over the 1993–98 period identifies a dynamic asset poverty threshold that signals that large numbers of South Africans are indeed trapped without a pathway out of poverty. Qualitative analysis of this period and the period 1998–2001 more deeply examines patterns of mobility, and confirms the continuation of this pattern of limited upward mobility and a low-level poverty trap. In addition, the qualitative data permit a closer look at the specific role played by social relationships. While finding ample evidence of active social capital and networks, these are more helpful for non-poor households. For the poor, social capital at best helps stabilise livelihoods at low levels and does little to promote upward mobility. While there is thus some economic sense to sociability in South Africa, elimination of the polarised economic legacy of apartheid will ultimately require more proactive efforts to assure that households have access to a minimum bundle of assets and to the markets needed to effectively build on those assets over time. 相似文献
184.
Classroom context and school engagement are significant predictors of academic achievement. These factors are especially important
for academically at-risk students. Grounded in an ecological systems perspective, this study examined links between classroom
context, school engagement, and academic achievement among early adolescents. We took a multidimensional approach to the measurement
of classroom context and school engagement, incorporating both observational and self-reported assessments of various dimensions
of classroom context (instruction quality, social/emotional climate, and student–teacher relationship) and school engagement
(psychological and behavioral engagement). Using data from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development, we tested
whether school engagement mediated the link between classroom context and academic achievement among 5th grade students, and
whether these pathways were the same for students with previous achievement difficulties identified in 3rd grade. Participants
included 1,014 children (50% female) in 5th grade (mean age = 11). The majority of the participants were white (77%) and 23%
were children of color. Results indicated that psychological and behavioral engagement mediated the link between classroom
context and academic achievement for students without previous achievement difficulties. However, for students with previous
achievement difficulties psychological and behavioral engagement did not mediate the link between classroom context and academic
achievement. These results suggest that improving classroom quality may not be sufficient to improve student engagement and
achievement for students with previous achievement difficulties. Additional strategies may be needed for these students. 相似文献
185.
Engagement in after-school program activities: quality of experience from the perspective of participants 总被引:2,自引:2,他引:0
Middle school students’ experiences at after-school programs were compared as they participated in different types of activities
and with different social partners. The students (N = 165) attended eight programs in three Midwestern states. A total of 1,596 experiences were randomly sampled using the Experience
Sampling Method (ESM) during 1 week in the fall of 2001 and 1 week in the spring of 2002. Student engagement was conceptualized
as the simultaneous experience of concentration, interest, and enjoyment. Students reported high levels of engagement while
participating in sports activities and arts enrichment activities at the after-school programs, and low levels of engagement
while completing homework at programs. They reported being more engaged in activities involving both adults and peers than
activities with peers only. Concentrated effort, intrinsic motivation, and positive and negative mood states were also compared
by program activities and social partners. Findings about participants’ subjective experiences and engagement in specific
program activities have implications for understanding after-school programs as a context for youth development.
David J. Shernoff is an assistant professor of educational psychology at Northern Illinois University broadly interested the relationship between human development and education. He completed his doctoral studies at the University of Chicago and the Sloan Center for Working Families, where he applied Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s theory of flow and Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to the study of engaging educational contexts. From 2000 to 2003, he served as a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. His recent publications include “Student engagement in high school classrooms from the perspective of flow theory” in School Psychology Quarterly, 18, 158–76 (with M. Csikszentmihalyi, B. Schneider, and E. S. Shernoff 2003). Deborah Lowe Vandell is the Chair of the Department of Education at the University of California, Irvine where she holds a joint appointment in the Department of Psychology and Social Behavior. Prior to these appointments, Professor Vandell was the Sears Bascom Professor of Education at the University of Wisconsin, Madison where she held appointments in Educational Psychology, Human Development and Family Studies, and Psychology. Professor Vandell is principle investigator of several multi-site studies examining child care, family, and after-school experiences. The author of more than 130 articles, Dr. Vandell’s research has focused on the effects of developmental contexts (early child care, schools, after-school programs, families, neighborhoods) on children’s social, behavioral, and academic functioning. 相似文献
Deborah Lowe VandellEmail: |
David J. Shernoff is an assistant professor of educational psychology at Northern Illinois University broadly interested the relationship between human development and education. He completed his doctoral studies at the University of Chicago and the Sloan Center for Working Families, where he applied Mihaly Csikszentmihalyi’s theory of flow and Experience Sampling Method (ESM) to the study of engaging educational contexts. From 2000 to 2003, he served as a post-doctoral fellow at the University of Wisconsin, Madison. His recent publications include “Student engagement in high school classrooms from the perspective of flow theory” in School Psychology Quarterly, 18, 158–76 (with M. Csikszentmihalyi, B. Schneider, and E. S. Shernoff 2003). Deborah Lowe Vandell is the Chair of the Department of Education at the University of California, Irvine where she holds a joint appointment in the Department of Psychology and Social Behavior. Prior to these appointments, Professor Vandell was the Sears Bascom Professor of Education at the University of Wisconsin, Madison where she held appointments in Educational Psychology, Human Development and Family Studies, and Psychology. Professor Vandell is principle investigator of several multi-site studies examining child care, family, and after-school experiences. The author of more than 130 articles, Dr. Vandell’s research has focused on the effects of developmental contexts (early child care, schools, after-school programs, families, neighborhoods) on children’s social, behavioral, and academic functioning. 相似文献
186.
A Molecular Method to Detect Wound Cells in Bloodstains Resultant of Sharp Force Injuries for Crime Scene Reconstruction 下载免费PDF全文
Donald J. Johnson M.S. David E. Raymond Ph.D. Cynthia Chen M.S. Matthew Quon M.S. Julian Lis M.S. Mo Re Choi M.S. Christopher Lopez M.S. Aileen Han Ray D. de Leon Ph.D. Cynthia Bir Ph.D. 《Journal of forensic sciences》2018,63(3):842-848
Previous research by the authors on an animal model showed that bloodstains can contain additional information about their somatic origin in the form of wound cells. Bloodstains produced by a gunshot wound to the head were distinguished from bloodstains produced by a gunshot wound to the chest by testing the stains for a brain microRNA marker. In this study, the effectiveness of the technique was examined on blood drops shed externally from a stab wound to the liver of rat carcasses. Specifically, investigations were conducted on the liver microRNA marker, rno‐mir‐122‐3p, with the QIAGEN miScript System, and PCR analysis. Between the two stabbing methods used, 67% of the scalpel blades and 57% of the blood drops tested positive for rno‐mir‐122‐3p; however, other samples tested negative giving inconclusive results as to the wound‐of‐origin. The amount of the liver cells in the bloodstains appeared to be related to the extent of trauma. 相似文献
187.
Sven‐Oliver Proksch Will Lowe Jens Wckerle Stuart Soroka 《Legislative Studies Quarterly》2019,44(1):97-131
Comparative scholars of legislative politics continue to face the challenge of measuring a key theoretical concept: conflict at the level of legislative bills. We address this challenge with a multilingual sentiment‐based approach and show that such a measure can effectively capture different types of parliamentary conflict. We also demonstrate that an automated translation of the dictionary yields valid results and therefore greatly facilitates comparative work on legislatures. Our applications show that a sentiment approach recovers government‐opposition dynamics in various settings. The use of a simple, translatable sentiment dictionary opens up the possibility of studying legislative conflict in bill debates across languages and countries. 相似文献
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