评人体器官与组织捐赠无偿性原则——兼对器官与组织捐赠有偿化改革的设想

人体器官、组织捐赠无偿性原则是联合国反复重申并被各国立法严格贯彻的医疗及法律准则 ,但该原则亦有贯彻“过度”的问题。而这一问题的解决有赖于对器官、组织捐赠有偿化及其限度的探讨。     

The council political system: Its concept,historical rooting,and its distinguish from other parliamentary systems

The council's political system (CPS) is based on a basic idea that the legislative authority dominates the executive authority as the sole representative of the people, it authorizes the executive authority to carry out executive activities on its behalf with the latter remaining subordinate to the former and operating under its supervision and direction. CPS is considered one of the few systems of Parliament in application compared to other parliamentary systems and was often used by countries in times of crises experienced by them in an attempt to overcome those crises, given that this system limits the power of actual decision‐making to the legislative authority. CPS can be distinguished from other parliamentary political systems both presidential and parliamentary through several things, the most prominent of which is based on the idea of the relationship between its powers being included in favor of the legislative authority, and not on the basis of cooperation as is the case in the parliamentary system, or on the basis of complete separation as it is the situation in the presidential system. The results indicated that the success of the implementation of the council system depends on the nature of the ruling system that will be adopted and the philosophy that is based on it, in addition to the necessity of a high degree of political awareness. Through these results, we recommend the application of the CPS in light of the outbreak of the COVID‐19 and the subsequent political and societal changes.     

Decomposing political advertising effects on vote choices

Public Choice - This paper studies the channels through which political television advertising influences individuals' voting decisions. Scholars are interested to learn whether advertising...     

Analyzing Territorial and Sectorial Dimensions of Public–Private Partnerships in Science,Technology, and Innovation policies

The performance of innovation systems depends, to a great extent, on the degree of public–private collaboration they involve. Thus, innovation policies often aim to enhance this collaboration through public–private partnerships. These partnerships are a multidimensional phenomenon whose success depends on factors related to each of their dimensions. This paper proposes the use of an analytical model that reflects the multidimensional nature of public–private partnerships and analyses to what extent they are applied in a specific innovation system in order to identify the territorial and sectorial factors that act as barriers or drivers to use them. This model aims to help policy makers design appropriate public–private partnerships in each context. The case under review is the Spanish innovation system, given that this system has been suffering from a structural lack of collaboration for several decades, despite the implementation of policies aimed to foster this. Thus, if the model works, it should be able to identify key factors that influence greater or more restricted use of the different PPP formulas.     

社会保障成本转嫁及其自我强化机制

在我国经济体制转轨过程中,社会保障一直承担着国有企业改革的成本转嫁。近年来,某些重大公共工程和公共政策,诸如三峡工程、南水北调工程等,也向社会保障进行成本转嫁,加重了社会保障的负担。本文认为,为了防止把社会保障变成转嫁成本的公地,应建立社会保障评估制度,对重大工程和公共政策实行事先的社会保障评估。