Church,State, Resistance1

This article problematizes a separation of Church and State that is nevertheless identified as constitutive of politics. Democracy has come to manifest a tension between the ‘autonomy’ of the political and a ‘heteronomy’ that, exceeding rationalist or social contractarian accounts of our co‐existence, is here presented as an irreducible affect of our being together. Autonomy, it is argued, resists heteronomy through all representations of democracy; yet, by contrast, heteronomy resists autonomy, and does so with the force of this affect. So if civil religion is impossible – and if we know only too well where its realizations lead: by default, to republican celebration, or by excess, to fascism – then we must take up again, and from scratch, the question of the affect according to which we co‐exist.     

香港法律中医疗事故过失判定问题研究

医疗过失是医疗事故赔偿责任成立的一项关键要件。由于医疗事故案件的案情纷繁且涉及复杂的医学专业知识,如何判定医疗机构或医务人员的过失成为法院必须面对的棘手问题。本文围绕香港法律中医疗事故的过失判定问题,考察其医疗过失的标准、医疗过失的一般判定方法和特殊判定方法(即鲍勒姆判定方法)和与医疗过失证明相关的事实自证法则,以期为我国的司法实务和学理发展提供比较法意义上的参考。     

EUROPEANIZATION IN MANAGING EU AFFAIRS: BETWEEN DIVERGENCE AND CONVERGENCE,A COMPARATIVE STUDY OF ESTONIA,HUNGARY AND SLOVENIA

Scholarly research into Estonia, Hungary and Slovenia has shown that the idiosyncrasies of the new EU countries (especially with respect to institutionalizing and centralizing the co‐ordination of core executives in managing EU affairs at home) persist. They are complemented by trends toward convergence (such as growing co‐ordination efforts and a common tendency: that of the prime minister to be the centre of co‐ordination). In this article external Europeanization pressures, national administrative traditions (the legacies of both pre‐communist and communist systems), and the patterns of party competition that cause variations in politico‐administrative relations, are tested as possible explanatory variables of differences seen in the three countries when managing EU affairs. While national administrative traditions play similar roles to those seen in old(er) member states by filtering the EU‘s impacts, the effect of patterns of party competition on politico‐administrative relations when managing EU affairs has been filtered by the accession states’ national priorities of integrating with the EU.     

医疗事故诉讼中过失认定

医疗事故属于医疗执业侵权。医疗执业侵权中医方的过失来自于其违反了法律要求的照护义务。美国的医疗执业侵权法从“医疗常规标准”已经发展出了“群体接受的标准”,以及在此基础上的过失认定原则。在程序上,美国的原告依赖于专家证人举证证明医方过错。我国的医疗事故诉讼的过失标准是“医疗常规标准”,存在着许多法律缺陷;程序没有专家证人制度,但实行单一举证责任倒置。事实上,过失的认定上交给了医疗事故技术鉴定,成为了医疗事故诉讼的核心。“医疗常规标准”和举证责任、医疗事故鉴定存在很多法律上的冲突。医疗事故鉴定和医疗事故诉讼间的关系,现有法律存有许多待讨论的问题;鉴定人的欠缺法律责任的规范。但现有达到专家辅助人和可能有的医学专家充当陪审员,很可能有助于解决我国医疗事故诉讼中的专业问题。