A new method for detecting diatoms in human organs

A new method for diatom detection is described. It includes an ultrasonic irradiation procedure with the use of a tissue solubilizer. The method is easy to carry out and is less time-consuming than previous techniques.     

A screening method for urinary methamphetamine--latex agglutination inhibition reaction test

Methamphetamine in urine samples from abusers was detected by the latex agglutination inhibition reaction test with latex-antibody (Latex-Ab) and latex-methamphetamine (Latex-MA) reagents. Anti-methamphetamine antibody was produced in rabbits by immunization with bovine serum albumin (BSA)-methamphetamine conjugate. Latex particles were coated with antibodies or with rabbit serum albumin (RSA)-methamphetamine conjugate to obtain Latex-Ab and Latex-MA reagents, respectively. The results are read at 4-5 min after mixing the latex reagents. The sensitivity of this method for methamphetamine was 0.4 micrograms/ml urine. Methamphetamine analogs (methylephedrine, amphetamine, phentermine, methoxyphenamine, ephedrine, beta-phenylethylamine, OH-methamphetamine, OH-amphetamine, and OH-ephedrine) all cross-react in varying degrees, while glucosiurea and albuminurea give false positive results in the tests. Though attention must be paid to these effects this simple and rapid test is suitable for the mass screening of urine samples.     

Risk factors for sexual victimization among male and female homeless and runaway youth

Risk factors associated with the likelihood of being sexually victimized by a stranger or friend/acquaintance since being on the street was examined among 372 homeless and runaway youth. Young people were interviewed on the streets and in shelters by outreach workers using a systematic sampling strategy. Youth who engaged in more high-risk behaviors were expected to be at greater risk for sexual victimization by both known and unknown assailants. Results indicated that for females, running from home for the first time at an earlier age was associated with sexual victimization by both a stranger and friend/acquaintance. However, engaging in deviant subsistence strategies, survival sex, and grooming predicted being sexually victimized by a friend/acquaintance. For males, survival sex and grooming predicted stranger sexual victimization, whereas sexual orientation was associated with sexual victimization by a friend/acquaintance. Overall, 35% of the sample had been sexually victimized.     

Private nurses and playboy bunnies: explaining permissible sex discrimination

Discrimination on the basis of sex in employment is illegal--usually. In cases in which employers contend that sex-based hiring is necessary to protect the privacy interests of their customer, however, and in cases in which employers contend that sex-based hiring is necessary to provide a particular type of sexual titillation for their customers, courts sometimes do allow employers to discriminate. Courts say that they allow sex discrimination in employment when it is necessary to preserve the "essence of the business." This Article shows, however, that there is no plausible conception of business "essence" that can explain and make sense of the existing case law. The Article therefore looks beyond the courts' rhetoric to explain and defend why courts distinguish in the ways they do between permissible and impermissible sex discrimination in employment.