村党支部与村民选举关系之探讨

村民选举与自治制度是中国政治变革的重要部份,也是最有成效的领域之一.面对村民选举而来的压力与挑战,村党支部通常会采取各种方法来控制村民选举以维系其领导核心之地位.村民选举出来的村委会的确挑战了村党支部的权威,一定程度上重新分配了村级权力,并且推进了党内民主政治的发展,其典型就是"两票制"的出现与广泛的推行.     

Experimental results on data analysis algorithms for extracting and interpreting edge feature data for duct tape and textile physical fit examinations

A physical fit is an important observation that can result from the forensic analysis of trace evidence as it conveys a high degree of association between two items. However, physical fit examinations can be time-consuming, and potential bias from analysts may affect judgment. To overcome these shortcomings, a data analysis algorithm using mutual information and a decision tree has been developed to support practitioners in interpreting the evidence. We created these tools using data obtained from physical fit examinations of duct tape and textiles analyzed in previous studies, along with the reasoning behind the analysts' decisions. The relative feature importance is described by material type, enhancing the knowledge base in this field. Compared with the human analysis, the algorithms provided accuracies above 90%, with an improved rate of true positives for most duct tape subsets. Conversely, false positives were observed in high-quality scissor cut (HQ-HT-S) duct tape and textiles. As such, it is advised to use these algorithms in tandem with human analysis. Furthermore, the study evaluated the accuracy of physical fits when only partial sample lengths are available. The results of this investigation indicated that acceptable accuracies for correctly identifying true fits and non-fits occurred when at least 35% of a sample length was present. However, lower accuracies were observed for samples prone to stretching or distortion. Therefore, the models described here can provide a valuable supplementary tool but should not be the sole means of evaluating samples.     

The Ratio of 6β‐Hydroxycortisol to Cortisol in Urine as a Measure of Cytochrome P450 3A Activity in Postmortem Cases

Poisoning can occur with chronic accumulation of a drug due to reduced metabolic capacity; conversely, under‐treatment may occur due to an increased metabolic rate. Over half of all drugs are metabolized by the cytochrome P450 3A complex (CYP3A). The activity of CYP3A can be assessed by the urinary ratio of 6β‐hydroxycortisol to cortisol. The aim of this study was to determine the usefulness of this ratio as a postmortem marker for determining whether altered CYP3A enzyme activity occurred prior to death. In a series of 244 postmortem cases, this ratio ranged from 0.014 to 78.6 (median 3.50). The median was significantly higher (5.14) in a subgroup of 28 cases that exhibited the presence of CYP3A‐inducing drugs. In cirrhosis, the median ratio was 1.69. This pointed to a reduced metabolic capacity of CYP3A. Thus, the ratio may constitute a rough indicator of the CYP3A metabolic capacity, which could be of value in special cases.     

论国际战略的历史演进与新时代中国力量的文化呈现

从世界历史来看,国际战略总体遵循一种“军事战-经济战-知识战”的演进流程,即权力由以武力为基础转向以资本为基础、再转向以知识文化为基础。当今世界,文化越来越成为一种重要的权力资源,在中国国家综合国力的要素构成中,文化的作用日益受到重视、地位不断提升。文化蕴涵的权力属性进一步彰显。中国特色社会主义进入新时代,中国在发展成一个全球经济大国的同时,也在着力开掘中华民族优秀传统文化的战略张力,着眼于文化创新和知识创新,增强国家的文化软实力,成长为一个更加自信的文化强国。     

创新持续到创新深化:地方政府治理创新能力构建的关键要素

在推进国家治理能力和治理体系现代化的进程中,地方政府治理创新能力的构建至关重要,从关注“创新持续”到“创新深化”视角的转化,正是体现地方政府治理创新能力发生着深刻的重构。论文以创新持续到创新深化的内生化理论模型为基础,识别五个创新深化的核心要素,即组织创新文化、多元主体嵌入、技术嵌入便捷性、创新模块开放性、领导者赋能,并选取地方政府创新奖中西北地区的十个案例,运用定性比较分析,探索并验证核心要素的多重并发因果路径。论文研究表明,五个核心要素在领导者赋能为基础条件下,形成创新文化型创新、模块嵌套型创新、外在嵌入型创新三种创新路径模式。     

G. M. Dawson and the economic development of western Canada

Abstract. Dr G.M. Dawson was considered the leading Canadian scientist of the latter part of the nineteenth century, and was widely recognized abroad. Besides his scientific contributions, and the technological and economic benefits derived from them, he contributed much to administration as Director of the Geological Survey of Canada, as an advisor to government officials and leaders, in the training of younger men, and as Commissioner on the Bering Sea arbitration. The purpose of this paper is to perpetuate awareness of his contributions, which are not now so well known as at the turn of the century, to show the complex and often long-term benefits that can accrue from geological investigations, and to try to indicate the extent to which it is possible to analyse such benefits and their costs. Although mainly a geologist, Dawson was versatile and made many contributions to geography, botany and anthropology. His education, which was particularly thorough in geology as applied to ores, was completed just in time for him to take a leading part in western developments. In 1873-5 he was geologist and botanist to the Commission surveying the 49th parallel from Lake of the Woods to the Rockies. He was then appointed to the Geological Survey, and made brilliant reconnaissances in many western regions; he was assistant director in 1883-95 and director from then to 1901. Althoilgh his advice was greatly beneficial to prospectors and technical developers, much of his influence was also in encouraging sound investments. The author tried several complex ways of estimating the value of benefits but discarded them because so many other factors were involved, some being long-term. It seems practical, therefore, merely to explain verbally that, for very small expenditures, Dawson was probably more responsible than anyone else for production worth about 240 million, in 1885 to 1905 alone, and that other benefits were derived then and up to the present. Sommaire. Le Dr G.M. Dawson était considéré comme « le » savant canadien à la fin du 19^e siècle et il était bien connu à l'étranger. En plus de son apport dans le domaine des sciences et des avantages technologiques et économiques qui en ont été la conséquence, il joua un rôle important d'administrateur en tant que directeur du relevé géologique du Canada, conseilleur des membres du gouvernementet chefs politiques, éducateur de jeunes et commissaire chargé d'arbitrer la question du détroit de Béring. Le but de cette étude est de consigner ses réalisations, moins connues aujourd'hui qu'elles ne l'étaient au début du siècle, de montrer les résultats complexes et souvent à long terme de ses étudesg géologiques et d'essayer d'indiquer dans quelle mesure il est possible d'analyserces avantages et ce qu'ils ont coûté. Bien que Dawson ait été surtout un gélogue, il ne s'est pas cantonné exclusivement dans ce domaine et son influence s'est fait sentir en géographie, botaniqueet anthropologie. Ses études particulièrement poussées en gélogie dans le domaine des minerais prirent fin juste à temps pour lui permettre de jouer un rôle de premier plan dans le développement de l'Ouest. De 1873 à 1875, en tant que gélogue et botaniste, il fit partie de la Commission chargée de relever le 49^e parallèle du « Lake of the Woods » aux Rocheuses. Il fut ensuite nomméà la Commission du relevé gélogique et s'acquitta brillamment de cette tâche dans diverses parties de l'Ouest; il occupa le poste de directeur-adjoint de 1883 à 1895 et de directeur de 1895 à 1901. Ses conseils furent précieu pour les prospecteurs et les techniciens mais il usa aussi de son influence pour encourager des placement judicieux. L'auteur a essayé de différentes fawns complexes d'estimer la valeur de l'apport de Dawson mais a dû les abandonner parce qu'elles, ne tenaient pas compte d'autres facteurs nombreux, dont certains à long terme. Il semble doncpratique d'expliquer verbalement qu'en ne dépensant que des sommes très minimes, Dawson plus que tout autre, a été responsable d'une production évaluééà 240 millions, de 1885 à 1905 en dehors d'autres bénéfices recueillis à l'époque et jusqu'à nos jours.     

关于建立犯罪被害人国家补偿制度的思考

最近几年的几个典型案件体现了我国犯罪被害人及其亲属因罪犯无力赔偿致使合法权益无法得到恢复的现实问题,限于中国国情,结合相对合理主义的观点,中国应建立和刑事附带民事诉讼相接轨的犯罪被害人国家补偿制度。     

运筹帷幄 坚持东北--东北解放战争时期的陈云

东北解放战争时期,陈云同志作为中共中央东北局的重要领导成员,一直战斗在白山黑水之间,他在政治和军事上卓越的领导和指挥才能在东北战场上得到了充分的体现。抗日战争胜利后,鉴于东北在战略上的重要性,中共中央决定组建以彭真为书记,陈云、伍修权、程子华、林枫为委员的中共中央东北局,并先后调集了10万军队和2万干部进入东北。陈云于9月18日到达沈阳后,即开始了领导接收和建立东北根据地的伟大斗争。到达沈阳之初,陈云同志就以一个政治家和军事家的战略眼光,对东北的形势做出了正确的分析和判断,指出:满洲的斗争是长期的武装斗争与非武装…     

简析马来西亚留华同学会

由于中国的快速发展,留华学生日益增多,马来西亚留华同学会应运而生。其成立后开展的活动涉及层面相当广泛,但它成立后与留台联总之间发生了争论。马来西亚留华同学会给马来西亚华人社团带来了生机,也为广大的留华学生提供了许多帮助,对于促进中马之间的文化、学术等交流做出了积极贡献。     

对政府微博的思考

政府微博为政府和民众之间沟通交流提供了平台,创新了党和政府的执政理念,丰富了社会管理的主体,提升了政府管理社会的效能,展示了政府良好的执政形象。在政府微博运行过程中,必须直面诸如信息流控制、如何常用常新、避免形式主义等问题,只有解决好信息监管、网上互动、语言艺术等问题,才能更好地发挥政府微博在社会管理中的作用。