Measuring Trade Profile with Granular Product-Level Data

The product composition of bilateral trade encapsulates complex relationships about comparative advantage, global production networks, and domestic politics. Despite the availability of product-level trade data, most researchers rely on either the total volume of trade or certain sets of aggregated products. In this article, we develop a new dynamic clustering method to effectively summarize this massive amount of product-level information. The proposed method classifies a set of dyads into several clusters based on their similarities in trade profile—the product composition of imports and exports—and captures the evolution of the resulting clusters over time. We apply this method to two billion observations of product-level annual trade flows. We show how typical dyadic trade relationships evolve from sparse trade to interindustry trade and then to intra-industry trade. Finally, we illustrate the critical roles of our trade profile measure in international relations research on trade competition.     

论新时代党员干部应加强对马克思主义哲学的学习与实践

党的十八大以来,以习近平同志为核心的党中央高度重视对马克思主义理论尤其是马克思主义哲学的学习和运用,强调要把马克思主义哲学作为各级干部的看家本领。究其原因,既有历史的经验启示,也有现实的迫切需要。这是因为,马克思主义哲学是科学世界观、方法论、人生观、价值观的有机统一,是中国共产党及共产党人的"看家本领"。它与中国共产党历史命运,与中国革命,建设、改革开放历史命运紧密相连,是保持政治定力、坚持和发展中国特色社会主义的必然要求。     

Top-Down and Bottom-Up Lockdown: Evidence from COVID-19 Prevention and Control in China

Utilizing national migration data regarding the outbreak of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), this paper employs a difference-in-differences approach to empirically analyze the relationship between human mobility and the transmission of infectious diseases in China. We show that national human mobility restrictions ascribed to the first-level public health emergency response policy effectively reduce both intercity and intracity migration intensities, thus leading to a declining scale of human mobility, which improves the effectiveness in controlling the epidemic. Human mobility restrictions have greater influences on cities with better economic development, denser populations, or larger passenger volumes. Moreover, mobility restriction measures are found to be better implemented in regions with increased public awareness, or with provincial leaders who have healthcare crisis management experience, local administrative experience, or the opportunity to serve a consecutive term.

     

Toward a Pragmatic Model of Public Responsiveness: Implications for Enhancing Public Administrators’ Responsiveness to Citizen Demands

Public responsiveness, or bureaucratic responsiveness to citizen demands, is central to public administration theories. It is a key concept regarding the appropriate role of bureaucracy and professional administrators in a democratic political system. By exploring the complexity of the concept, this article proposes a pragmatic model as an alternative to the two mainstream models of understanding public responsiveness. The theoretical implication of the pragmatic model is also discussed. Future research should address administrators’ instrumental concerns in fostering public responsiveness.     

关于中国特色社会主义现代化道路理论内涵的历史考察—来自毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛的探索与贡献

胡锦涛总书记不仅在中共十七大上对中国特色社会主义道路内涵作了简洁明快的理论概括,而且于2012年7月23日在省部级主要领导干部专题研讨班的讲话中提出了“在新的历史条件下,我们继续推进中国特色社会主义,必须不断丰富中国特色社会主义的实践特色、理论特色、民族特色、时代特色”的理论命题。为了深刻领会胡锦涛总书记在“7·23”专题研讨班上的讲话精神,我们以“中国特色社会主义理论内涵”为主题,系统回顾和总结了以毛泽东、邓小平、江泽民、胡锦涛为代表的中国共产党人在实践探索中所作出的具体理论贡献。     

远程在线销售的课税问题与中国的对策

远程在线销售具有区别于传统商业交易方式的特点,对中国现行的以增值税和营业税为代表的一般流转税制度提出了问题和挑战。从目前各种在线交易的内容和现行增值税与营业税的课税对象以及适应电子商务国际税收协调的发展趋势看,我国应明确认定此类交易在性质上属于现行营业税意义上的销售劳务或无形财产。对在线销售交易,中国现行营业税制度应区分境内交易和跨境交易,对前者实行提供方所在地课税原则,对后者适用接受方所在地课税原则。在跨境远程在线交易的营业税征管方式上,对B-to-B交易应适用境内接受方申报纳税的逆向课税机制,对B-to-C交易宜适用非居民企业境内税务登记代为收缴营业税的征管机制。     

How does council–manager conflict affect managerial turnover intention? The role of job embeddedness and cooperative context

Turnover intention is an important yet underexamined concept in local government studies. Although the association between council–manager conflict and managerial turnover intention is well documented, the underlying mechanisms have not yet been elucidated. This study fills this research gap by analysing two variables in the relationship: organizational job embeddedness and cooperative context. Results from partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM) reveal that organizational job embeddedness mediates the link between task conflict and managerial turnover intention. The results also indicate that a cooperative context can moderate the negative indirect relationship between council–manager task conflict and managerial turnover intention.     

冬季且被严重焚烧的尸体上也会有昆虫

一例凶杀案件发生于广东省最冷的1-2月,尸体经过了焚烧至大部分组织炭化,但在该被害者身上仍旧发现了蝇类昆虫,应用这些昆虫的发育进度准确的推断出了死亡时间。与其它季节未经过焚烧的尸体比较,该现场昆虫的种类、数量均明显减少,昆虫也主要分布于尸体下方避风处的腐败物质中。另外,在该尸体上片状分布着一层霉菌,这些霉菌的状态显然有时间相关性,提示我们通过对霉菌的研究也能找到死亡时间的线索。     

简析《德意志意识形态》中的社会公正思想

马克思在《德意志意识形态》中以唯物史观为指导,从物质经济关系出发,深刻分析了资本主义社会的种种不公正现象及其经济根源,并首次较为系统地阐发了其社会公正的基本思想:生产力的高度发展是实现社会公正的物质基础;共产主义公有制是实现社会公正的制度保障;每个人在经济领域的真正平等是实现社会公正的核心内容;按需分配是实现社会公正的基本原则;每个人自由而全面的发展是实现社会公正的最高目标。