How does ethnic diversity shape the design of intergovernmental fiscal relations? Evidence from China

This study examines how ethnic diversity shapes the design of intergovernmental fiscal relations in regimes such as China, where local accountability and resident mobility are largely absent. We argue that in these regimes, ethnic diversity largely captures potential social conflicts and instability, consequently requiring a higher level of fiscal centralization and regional equalization from upper-level governments to preserve social stability. Using provincial and sub-provincial level panel data from China for 1995–2019, we find strong supporting evidence that an increase in a province's ethnic diversity significantly increases fiscal centralization and the provincial government's fiscal equalization efforts. We also show that these effects tend to be stronger in provinces whose leaders have closer ties with the central authority and where local capture is less serious. Our study contributes to a better understanding of ethnic diversity's consequences on the policy choices governments make.     

Violence,fear, and development in Latin America: a critical overview

This introduction presents the core concepts that shape this special issue on the impact of violence and the processes of development in Central and South America. The understanding of development is considered in terms broader than the economic context alone, in order to assess wider social and political aspects. With a similarly expansive scope, forms of violence are addressed that range from direct physical harm and bodily attack to the often more subtle aggression of racialised abuse or the pressures on community-centred production from dominant market forces. In these contexts, violence, economic initiatives, and political allegiances form unintended and often dangerous networks of consequence for development matters. All the articles in this volume exemplify further the spatial environments of violence and diverse ‘landscapes of fear’ that shape our existence and help to define our actions, territories, and understanding of what happens around us.     

奥巴马政府的巧实力战略

巧实力战略是奥巴马政府在美国外交和内政政策上的新路线。外交上,奥巴马出访利益相关国家,通过其对国际公关的运用改善美国的国际关系;内政上,进行医疗改革,充分争取美国中下层人民的支持。奥巴马政府希望借助巧实力战略重塑美国良好的国际形象,保持它在全世界的领导地位。巧实力战略在实际的运用中取得了一些成绩,但也面临一些挑战。     

柬埔寨民间故事的分类及特点

柬埔寨民间故事内容丰富、数量庞大、种类繁多,是柬埔寨历史中耀眼的瑰宝。本文从对柬埔寨民间故事的起源、分类开始阐述,通过对柬埔寨著名民间故事的罗列、归纳,简析了柬埔寨民间故事的特点。     

论中外合作经营企业的法律性质及法律特征

国际投资企业形式包括股权式合营企业和契约式合营企业两种。从中外合作经营企业产生的背景分析,它是在中国具体国情中独创出来的一种企业形式,其法律性质在于它是对中外合资经营企业法的灵活变通,这种变通表现在其法律特征之中。中外合作经营企业各方权利义务虽不尽相同,但仍符合平等互利的法律原则和国际惯例。     

我国侦查模式改革的路径选择——以“一长四必”新机制之实施为视角

在司法改革的大环境之下,我国侦查模式也经历着从口供本位向物证本位转型的关键时刻。2014年公安部为进一步推动侦查模式之转型,出台了一长四必现场勘验新机制,并迅速在全国侦查机关中予以实施。从该机制之内容与推行方式可见我国侦查模式改革依然延续着以往运动式改革之路径。以广州市两基层公安机关在2012年至2015年现场勘验情况为样本,考察现场勘验新机制的实施效果并进而分析现有改革路径的正确性。调查结果显示:一长四必现场勘验新机制虽然短期效果显著却不利于物证本位侦查模式的构建和发展,有必要在保留其优势的同时做出调整,改变对短期效应的过分追求,重视侦查队伍的专业化建设,赋予侦查人员凭借专业知识做出判断的权力,同时完善侦查取证的配套法律法规,为侦查活动提供规范与指引。     

试论条理法在调整特别权力关系中的作用———以公立高校管理行为争议解决机制为例

在大陆法系长期扮演重要角色的特别权力关系已不断变异和逐渐式微,应当积极探索和发展更符合行政法制实践要求的行政法律关系理论和行政法规范体系.实践证明,仅用一般法规范调整特别权力关系有许多局限和无力感,重新认识条理法已成为行政法制建设的新课题,不仅运用一般法规范而且兼用条理法来调整特别权力关系就体现出特殊优势并具有特殊功用.公立高校管理行为关系尚属具有特殊性的一类特别权力关系,许多典型事例表明公立高校管理行为争议解决具有复杂性和特殊困难.积极运用条理法有助于系统和妥善地解决公立高校管理行为争议,有助于全面推进依法行政和推动公立高校和谐发展.     

党的十九届四中全会决定中关于“制度”规定的语义学分析

基于语言学和语义学相结合的角度,对党的十九届四中全会决定中所规定的应当坚持和完善或待建的中国特色社会主义制度中各项制度的制度内涵、制度特性进行了深入分析,并给出了语义学分析意义上的相关统计数据。这种研究方法有助于增强学习理解领悟决定中各项规定的精神和实质内涵的能力,有助于在实践中有效地贯彻落实决定的各项要求,并为从理论上找到解读决定的有效方法提供新的富有实效的学术方案。     

Taking Up Responsibilities

A university in Wuhan has remained at the forefront of emergencies from floods to epidemics The Huazhong University of Science and Technology(HUST)in Wuhan,Hubei Province in central China,has been in the spotlight as a major battlefi eld for the fi ght against the novel coronavirus.HUST is a leading comprehensive university under the administration of the Ministry of Education.     

论应对气候变化背景下能源开发利用与环境保护相结合原则

能源开发利用产生的环境问题日益严重,直接威胁到人民的生活质量和发展,能源开发利用与环境保护相结合原则是指在开发利用能源时,必须减少污染排放,加强环境保护,它也称清洁开发利用能源原则。在应对气候变化背景下,能源立法的基本原则应该树立低碳能源和低碳经济理念,坚持能源开发利用与环境保护相结合原则。