浅议非洲一体化的现实挑战

非洲一体化问题不仅事关非洲国家自身的发展及相互关系的演变,也会在相当程度上作用于非洲与其他国家和地区的关系。进入21世纪以来,非洲一体化在组织保障、经济合作、冲突管理和共同外交等方面继续取得了进展,但也面临着困难和挑战,包括若干重要的现实挑战。本文列举了非洲一体化所面临的现实挑战,并就相关原因、后果和影响等进行了简要分析和探讨。     

Literacy and State–Society Interactions in Nineteenth-Century France

Modern states are distinguished by the breadth and depth of public regulation over private affairs. This aspect of state capacity and state power is predicated on frequent and dense encounters between the state and the population it seeks to control. We argue that literacy in the language of state administration facilitates state–society interaction by lowering the transaction costs of those encounters. We support this claim with evidence drawing upon detailed historical data from nineteenth-century France during a crucial period of state and nation building. Focusing on the specific domain of French marriage regulations, we find that increasing literacy predicts greater popular involvement with local authorities across French regions over time. These results demonstrate that literacy plays an important role in political development not solely by enhancing loyalty to the state, as the literature has recognized, but also by lowering linguistic and human capital barriers to state–society interaction.     

The 2020 U.S. presidential election: A litmus test

This paper provides an overview of what lies ahead of the United States in the event that Donald John Trump either lost or won a reelection bid. The uncertainty of the election outcomes is what we refer to as a litmus test. In this paper, we reflect on the ongoing events shaping the United States ahead of the 2020 presidential election and their implications on the United States. We suggest that the election provide a litmus test in shaping the politics of the United States in answering numerous questions raised in the current Trump administration. We deduce that the election could give birth to the new form of Brexit in the form of “U.S. exit” in the event the United States ignores processes that foster institutional legitimacy and civic engagement to build lost “trust” in the Americanized system.     

醉驾案件中醉酒标准认定之思考

目前,司法机关对危险驾驶犯罪的醉酒认定标准较为宽松,导致实践中部分无社会危害性的行为被纳入犯罪圈。为贯彻新时代良法善治的刑事司法理念,对危险驾驶犯罪中醉酒标准的认定应持审慎态度,建议借助证据法遏止醉酒驾驶行为过度犯罪化倾向,对于危险驾驶犯罪中的醉酒认定不宜过度依赖血液酒精鉴定,侦查机关应充分收集各类证据,统一交由审判者依其理性最终确定该行为是否构成犯罪。     

A MAGIC NEEDLE

An altered acupuncture needle innovates traditional Chinese medicine Wang Chen,an elevator repairman living in Beijing,never expected that a tiny tool could free him from persistent headaches for a whole year.The 26-year-old has been nagged by headaches since being diagnosed with cervical spondylosis six years ago.I tried m any types of painkillers and Western medical treatm ents,but they didn’t work,Wang told Beijing Review.     

WHEN LIFE BECOMES SCI-FI

Yi Jinyu,a community worker in Yichun in Jiangxi Province,east China,has gained magic wings to help him combat the novel coronavirus epidemic.He and his colleagues had to visit local residents door-to-door every day to record their temperatures,as communities and villages are an important battleground to fight the epidemic,but residents worried such visits could cause cross-infection.     

Powering Their World

Four years ago,Dong Latthavongsa was a struggling vegetable grower in Vientiane,capital of Laos,trying to make ends meet after her divorce.Looking for a stable job,she heard that a Chinese company was building a railway line in Kasi,where she lives.It was Sinohydro Bureau 14 Co.,whose parent company Power Construction Corp.of China(Power China)is a state-owned enterprise and a leading player in the energy industry.     

张家山汉简《二年律令》所见刑罚原则

张家山汉简《二年律令》是西汉初年的法律辑录 ,这批简文对刑事责任年龄、故意与过失、数罪的处罚等都有较细密的规定。其它刑罚原则有诬告反坐原则、证言不实反坐原则、连坐原则、上诉不实加刑原则等。汉律在定罪量刑时 ,充分考虑皇权和尊长的地位 ,对于触犯皇权和尊长都要从重处罚。此外 ,对于触犯人伦、群盗犯罪以及官吏犯罪也予以重惩 ,而对于自首和犯罪后自动减轻犯罪后果等则采取从轻处罚的原则。汉初的刑罚原则与秦律所载刑罚原则基本相同 ,西汉武帝以后在具体的操作细节和适用标准方面有所改变。     

THE SANDS OF TIME

正How China tamed a 1,000-plus-year-old sand land in seven decades It needs two adults to fully wrap their arms around Shi Guangyin's first tree, which stands on the southern edge of the Maowusu sand land, one of the four largest sand lands in China. Shi, China's first state-level hero fighting desertification, planted the tree back in 1984. I love it very much; it's like my own child, he told Beijing Review.