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271.
Decision-making processes are studied using non-standard all-pay structures. Our interest is motivated by regulatory, political, legal, military, and economic applications in which individual actions determine the consequences for a larger group or the general public. The common features of these examples are a competitive environment, a winner-takes-all reward structure, and some form of all-pay-all payment rule. 相似文献
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Engagement in school is crucial for academic success and school completion. Surprisingly little research has focused on the
relationship between student engagement and delinquency. This study examines whether engagement predicts subsequent school
and general misconduct among 4,890 inner-city Chicago elementary school students (mean age: 11 years and 4 months; 43.3% boys;
66.5% black; 28.8% Latino). To improve upon prior research in this area, we distinguish three types of engagement (emotional,
behavioral, and cognitive), examine whether the relationship between engagement and misconduct is bidirectional (misconduct
also impairs engagement), and control for possible common causes of low engagement and misconduct, including peer and family
relationships and relatively stable indicators of risk-proneness. Emotional and behavioral engagement predict decreases in
school and general delinquency. However, cognitive engagement is associated with increases in these outcomes. School and general
delinquency predict decreased engagement only in the cognitive domain. Suggestions for future research and implications for
policy are discussed. 相似文献
276.
Paul Veyne 《Economy and Society》2013,42(2):173-198
The new democratic left interprets socialism as involving the radical democratization of civil society and the state. Both conceptions of democracy and conceptions of socialism are variations on the theme of a self-govering community. The first part of this paper explores the diversity of accounts of democracy and of the issues in dispute between them. Part 2 then proceeds to identify conceptual difficulties with these ideas, and to examine some of their consequences for political analysis. While the theme of a self-governing community has always been somewhat problematic there are significant features of the modern world that further undermine any plausibility it may once have had. These conceptual weaknesses inherent in ideas of democracy and of socialism limit their untility as tools of political argument, and help to account for some of the difficulties socialists have in coming to terms with the world in which they now find themselves. The argument is not that the idea of socialism as enhanced democratization should be abandoned, but rather that such an idea is radically incomplete. A socialism that is worthy of support must address the substantive social and political problems of the societies in which it operates. The slogan of democratization is of limited value in identifying those problems or in establishing solutions to them. 相似文献
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Paul Rabinow 《Economy and Society》2013,42(2-3):193-201
This paper considers the relations of truth, life and norm in the work of Georges Canguilhem and Michel Foucault argued that in France it was in the philosophy of science that one finds the clearest formulations of the problems of rationality and the sovereignty of reason. This distintive confrontation can be termed French Modern. For Canguilhem, an ontological and existential pathos arose from the fact that living beings were fated to struggle in the face of circumstances. For Foucault, this ontology became historical and political. For both, the key question was the relationship between life itself and the understanding of life. The paper concludes by reflecting upon some implications of the ways in which the relation between life and lived experience is posed today. 相似文献
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