取保候审适用中面临的问题与对策——基于未成年人案件实证研究的分析

取保候审作为羁押替代措施,具有减少羁押、避免交叉感染、体现人道主义、保障当事人权利、节省司法资源等积极作用。但由于各种原因,取保候审措施在实践中难以实现其承载的应有功能。本文基于对未成年人案件适用取保候审的实证研究,分析其适用中存在的突出问题,探讨改进其适用的对策。认为修改取保候审相关规定、改革考评机制、建立社会支持保障系统,是解决取保候审适用面临问题的关键。     

主权财富基金的兴起与美国金融霸权

主权财富基金在全球范围内的兴起正成为国际金融领域令人瞩目的重大事件。本文在简要分析该基金相关内容的基础上,着重探讨它与美国金融霸权之间的关系,包括其背后的美国因素、对美国金融霸权的影响以及美国的应对等。本文认为,主权财富基金的大规模出现是主权国家对美国过分推进金融自由化的一种必然反弹,是经济全球化遭遇的一种政治后冲。只要美国不停止其对金融霸权红利的过度享用,该基金就会对美国的金融霸权形成挑战,并越来越成为国际金融体系的重要组成部分。     

《国家检察官学院学报》的定位、回顾与发展

龙宗智（四川大学法学院教授、博士生导师、《现代法学》编委会主任、《国家检察官学院学报》编委会委员）我提几个建议：一是关于编委会如何发挥作用。我想可以借鉴《中国法学》的做法，在我们国家检察官学院每年召开的“国家高级检察官论坛”或者其他专业会议上一并召开编委会会议，发挥编委会的作用。     

Development of Forensic Assay Signatures for Ebolaviruses

Ebolaviruses are a diverse group of RNA viruses comprising five different species, four of which cause fatal hemorrhagic fever in humans. Because of their high infectivity and lethality, ebolaviruses are considered major biothreat agents. Although detection assays exist, no forensic assays are currently available. Here, we report the development of forensic assays that differentiate ebolaviruses. We performed phylogenetic analyses and identified canonical SNPs for all species, major clades and isolates. TaqMan‐MGB allelic discrimination assays based on these SNPs were designed, screened against synthetic RNA templates, and validated against ebolavirus genomic RNAs. A total of 45 assays were validated to provide 100% coverage of the species and variants with additional resolution at the isolate level. These assays enabled accurate forensic analysis on 4 “unknown” ebolaviruses. Unknowns were correctly classified to species and variant. A goal of providing resolution below the isolate level was not successful. These high‐resolution forensic assays allow rapid and accurate genotyping of ebolaviruses for forensic investigations.     

Optimization of a Statistical Algorithm for Objective Comparison of Toolmarks

Due to historical legal challenges, there is a driving force for the development of objective methods of forensic toolmark identification. This study utilizes an algorithm to separate matching and nonmatching shear cut toolmarks created using fifty sequentially manufactured pliers. Unlike previously analyzed striated screwdriver marks, shear cut marks contain discontinuous groups of striations, posing a more difficult test of algorithm applicability. The algorithm compares correlation between optical 3D toolmark topography data, producing a Wilcoxon rank sum test statistic. Relative magnitude of this metric separates the matching and nonmatching toolmarks. Results show a high degree of statistical separation between matching and nonmatching distributions. Further separation is achieved with optimized input parameters and implementation of a “leash” preventing a previous source of outliers—however complete statistical separation was not achieved. This paper represents further development of objective methods of toolmark identification and further validation of the assumption that toolmarks are identifiably unique.     

利用DNAITS2条形码序列鉴定植物大麻和罂粟

目的分析毒品原植物大麻、罂粟及其混伪品植物r DNA的ITS2序列信息,探索鉴定大麻、罂粟及其混伪品的新方法。方法采用PCR法扩增ITS2序列,双向测序后运用Codon Code Aligner、MEGA5.1软件进行数据处理,计算种内种间K2P距离,构建系统聚类树(NJ树)。结果大麻、罂粟的种内K2P遗传距离为0,大麻、罂粟及其混伪品之间的最小K2P距离为0.187。NJ树表现出明显的单系性。结论利用DNA ITS2条形码序列有可能鉴定出毒品原植物大麻、罂粟。     

GPC-GC/MS法测定人血中的丙泊酚

目的采用GPC-GC/MS法测定人血中的丙泊酚。方法以百里香酚为内标,人血中的丙泊酚用乙醚提取,离心后取上层有机层水浴挥干,残留物经丙酮/环己烷(3/7)复溶后用GPC-GC/MS检测。结果人血中丙泊酚在0.005~2.0μg/m L浓度范围内线性良好,线性方程y=0.961 8x+0.003 3,r2=0.994 2,日内、日间精密度均小于17%,提取回收率88.2%~101.5%。结论该方法操作简单、灵敏度高,其准确度、精密度及回收率均可达到人血中丙泊酚测定的要求,适用于法医毒物分析。     

试论三勤思想的历史作用与现实意义

“勤业、勤学、勤交友”的“三勤”政策是在特定时期、特定地区形成的政策 ,它的形成、发展对中国共产党领导的新民主主义革命发挥了巨大作用。在新时期 ,它不仅仍具有生命活力 ,而且对于新世纪统一战线工作更具有指导作用。     

管理的战略主导价值——道德

在经济全球化的进程中,竞争迫使企业将管理的主导价值提到战略高度加以认识.管理的主导价值多种多样,从长期看,道德的行为将产生竞争优势,最后导致成功.企业道德建设是现代企业一项紧迫而又艰巨的任务.