中美在缅甸问题上的分歧与合作展望

缅甸资源丰富、战略位置重要。1988年军政府再次接管政权以来,缅甸民主化一直是国际热点问题之一,不仅影响着缅甸与美欧关系,也牵动着中美的地区利益。中美涉缅利益各异,在处理缅甸问题的方式上也存在较大分歧,在国际场合发生争议。不过,从2011年开始,缅甸开启广泛的政治经济改革,美缅关系明显改善,双方少了很多对抗色彩,中美在缅甸问题上的沟通也在增加。未来,随着美国"重返"亚太战略的逐步走实,缅甸在美国外交格局中的重要性增加。随着中美在缅利益的拓展,两国应在缅甸问题上增加协调与合作,既要以合适方式帮助缅甸尽快摆脱贫穷落后状态,又要防止缅甸成为中美在东南亚的战略角力点。     

What can we learn from analyzing historical data on social security entitlements?

We use data from Social Security administrative records to examine the lifetime patterns of initial entitlement to retired-worker and Disability Insurance (DI) benefits across cohorts born in different years. Breaking out age-at-entitlement patterns for different birth-year cohorts reveals close adherence in entitlement ages to changes in program rules, such as increasing the full retirement age. The proportion of a cohort that becomes newly entitled to DI benefits rises noticeably during recessions and at ages 50 and 55, and cumulative entitlement rate patterns show that more recent cohorts rely increasingly on DI benefits in their late 30s and 40s.     

同一制与区别制的对立及解释

同一制与区别制是涉外继承法律适用的两种基本制度选项。从历史基础和继承法律关系性质出发进行考察,同一制较之区别制具有理论优势。《涉外民事关系法律适用法》富有特色地划分法定继承和遗嘱继承的法律适用,前者采用区别制,后者采用同一制。但区别制与同一制简明的立法结构的表象背后,各自隐藏着一系列难以具体规范的复杂问题。无论是最高人民法院未来制定司法解释,还是法官在个案中适用涉外继承冲突规则,都应遵循的基本思路是:区别制的制度运行有时需要同一制的思维方式作为补充,同一制的制度运行需要格外注意不动产所在地法的积极作用。     

A comparative study on the concentrations of 11-nor-Δ9-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THCCOOH) in head and pubic hair

In this study, the concentrations of 11-nor-Δ(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol-9-carboxylic acid (THCCOOH) in pubic, axillary and beard hair were measured and the correlation between the concentrations of THCCOOH in head and pubic hair from same cannabis users were evaluated. The papers on body hair analysis for THCCOOH were rarely found although police officers submit body hair as a complimentary specimen to forensic laboratories in case cannabis users had no hair. Head, pubic, axillary, and beard hair were collected. All hair samples were cut into 0.5mm segments and decontaminated with methanol, digested with 1 mL of 1M NaOH at 85 °C for 30 min and extracted in 2 mL of n-hexane:ethyl acetate (9:1) two times after adding 1 mL of 0.1N sodium acetate buffer (pH = 4.5) and 200 μL of acetic acid followed by derivatization with 50 μL of PFPA and 25 μL of PFPOH for 30 min at 70 °C. The extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry operating in negative chemical ionization mode (GC/MS/MS-NCI). We determined the concentrations of THCCOOH in both pubic and head hair. The concentrations of THCCOOH in pubic hair were higher than those in head hair. We also evaluated the concentrations of THCCOOH in body hair (pubic, axillary and beard hair) and head hair according to the positive/negative urine test results. There was no statistically significant difference in the concentrations of THCCOOH in head and body hair according to urine results.     

朝核问题:内在逻辑与中国的外交政策选择

2010年以来,朝鲜半岛局势风云迭起、动荡加剧,成为朝核危机的又一场续曲.从20世纪50年代末开始,朝核问题的发展大致经历了冷战、爆发、升级和僵持固化四个阶段.朝核问题是冷战遗产、安全保障和朝鲜国家发展战略三位一体的宏大工程.为了实现既定目标,朝鲜依然愿意选择在关键时刻做出重大让步.但从长远看,朝鲜核战略已经明显呈现双轨化倾向.未来朝鲜半岛安全形势将受朝核问题的发展、美国的对朝政策、朝鲜国内政局以及国际社会的应对等要素的重要影响.中国与朝鲜半岛利益攸关,在朝鲜半岛新一轮危机到来之前应该调整好外交政策,做好应对.     

Thermal development of latent fingermarks on porous surfaces—Further observations and refinements

In a further study of the thermal development of fingermarks on paper and similar surfaces, it is demonstrated that direct contact heating of the substrate using coated or ceramic surfaces at temperatures in excess of 230 °C produces results superior to those obtained using hot air. Fingermarks can also be developed in this way on other cellulose-based substrates such as wood and cotton fabric, though ridge detail is difficult to obtain in the latter case. Fluorescence spectroscopy indicates that the phenomena observed during the thermal development of fingermarks can be reproduced simply by heating untreated white copy paper or filter paper, or these papers treated with solutions of sodium chloride or alanine. There is no evidence to suggest that the observed fluorescence of fingermarks heated on paper is due to a reaction of fingermark constituents on or with the paper. Instead, we maintain that the ridge contrast observed first as fluorescence, and later as brown charring, is simply an acceleration of the thermal degradation of the paper. Thermal degradation of cellulose, a major constituent of paper and wood, is known to give rise to a fluorescent product if sufficient oxygen is available [1], [2], [3], [4], [5]. However, the absence of atmospheric oxygen has only a slight effect on the thermal development of fingermarks, indicating that there is sufficient oxygen already present in paper to allow the formation of the fluorescent and charred products. In a depletion study comparing thermal development of fingermarks on paper with development using ninhydrin, the thermal technique was found to be as sensitive as ninhydrin for six out of seven donors. When thermal development was used in sequence with ninhydrin and DFO, it was found that only fingermarks that had been developed to the fluorescent stage (a few seconds of heating) could subsequently be developed with the other reagents. In the reverse sequence, no useful further development was noted for fingermarks that were treated thermally after having been developed with ninhydrin or DFO. Aged fingermarks, including marks from 1-year-old university examination papers were successfully developed using the thermal technique.     

Chemical signature of ecstasy volatiles by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography

A method for ecstasy volatiles 'signature' analysis based on two-dimensional gas chromatography separation and time-of-flight mass spectrometry detection (GC×GC-TOFMS) is presented. Organic impurity volatiles were extracted by head space solid phase microextraction (HS-SPME). The final column phase choice of the four different column combinations tested was a low-polarity 5% phenyl polysilphenylene-siloxane coupled with a polyethylene glycol phase, which best displayed the complex impurity profile. Second dimension ((2)D) retention time reproducibility was found to be about 1% RSD, and area reproducibility of SPME sampling was just over 5% RSD for compounds with S/N ratio of about 100. High similarity of TOFMS spectra of impurities was obtained against commercial MS libraries. 16 components from the two-dimensional profiles were selected for comparison of the 24 ecstasy tablets, most of which proved to be benzodioxole derived compounds. All tablets were correctly classified in eight groups according to their post-tabletting characteristics, when appropriate data pre-treatment was applied. Principal component analysis revealed clustering of samples according to the country of origin. Samples from Macedonia were elevated in N-formyl-MDMA and N-acetyl-MDMA while samples from Australia were elevated in 3,4-methylenedioxypropane and 3,4-methylenedioxyacetophenone. Furthermore, three components were found to be unique for one of the source countries. The additional separation of components on the (2)D column, increased response due to modulation, high acquisition rate with full mass spectra using TOFMS detection, and MS deconvolution extend the possibility of detecting additional markers and route-specific components, especially of low abundant, polar components.     

规范行政执法行为 提高政府公信力

提高政府公信力是建设人民满意的服务型政府和法治政府的必然要求。行政执法是依法行政的重要环节,执法行为是否规范,直接关系到政府的形象和政治文明的实现。提高政府公信力应把规范行政执法行为作为行政法治建设的重中之重,应在深化执法理念、提高执法能力、强化执法监督和营造执法环境等方面下功夫。     

诉讼法学研究之评价与展望

本刊编辑部和浙江工商大学诉讼法学研究中心于2012年5月6—7日在浙江温州联合举办了"诉讼法学研究之评价与展望"理论研讨会,作为"法学研究转型"系列研讨会之一。本次研讨会邀请诉讼法学领域的专家学者,围绕诉讼法学研究与制度环境、诉讼法学研究与立法、司法实践、中国诉讼法学理论体系之构建、诉讼法学研究方法与材料之更新、诉讼法学学术争鸣与学科交流等诸多方面展开讨论,旨在总结既往,展望未来,为推动我国诉讼法学理论研究的转型和发展出谋划策。现将与会学者的精彩发言以笔谈形式刊发,以飨读者。     

论社会管理创新进程中的和谐心理建设

心理和谐是和谐社会的重要内容和基本特征。而且,和谐心理建设还是构建和谐社会的必要手段。这就要求把和谐心理建设作为构建社会主义和谐社会的心理奠基工程纳入和谐社会的建设之中。为了促进社会主义和谐社会建设,党中央明确提出加强和创新社会管理。因此,如何创新社会管理理念和方法来加强和谐心理建设显得十分必要。