专利制度对患者基本权益的影响与削弱

专利制度丰富了医药市场上的产品种类,使一些医药产品以最快的方式更新换代。但同时,由于专利制度在鼓励药品投资上倾向于利益回报,因而也使得药品的研发领域倾向于可获得更大利益的技术,药品的价格也由于其垄断性而居高不下,不当利用发展中国家的传统医药知识并独占技术等,都给发展中国家的医药卫生带来了根本性的影响,使患某些疾病的患者不能获得最基本的药物,甚至失去了原有的医疗方式。     

正清风痛宁关节内注射治疗强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变30例

目的:观察髋关节注射正清风痛宁注射液对强直性脊柱炎髋关节病变的疗效.方法:将2005年3月至2008年3月中国人民解放军广州军区广州总医院中医科门诊和病房治疗的强直性脊柱炎并伴有髋关节病变患者随机分成观察组(30例)和对照组(25例),观察组采用常规药物治疗,并采用正清风痛宁注射液髋关节注射,对照组采用常规药物治疗,比较治疗前和治疗后1个月的目测类比评分(visual analog scale, VAS)、Bath强直性脊柱炎功能指数(Bath ankylosing spondylitis functional index,BASFI)、Bath强直性脊柱炎疾病活动指数(Bath ankylosing spondylitis disease activity index, BASDAI)、血沉(erythrocyte sedimentation rate, ESR)、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein, CRP).结果:两组患者治疗后VAS、BASFI、BASDAI、ESR和CRP均比治疗前显著降低(P<0.05),而且观察组VAS和BASFI的改善情况显著优于常规药物对照组(P<0.05).结论:常规药物治疗基础上联合应用正清风痛宁注射液治疗AS髋关节病变在改善患者局部疼痛和功能方面明显优于单纯常规药物治疗.     

论命案现场法医会诊制度

命案现场的复杂性和特殊性,要求法医工作者不断提高检验水平。法医会诊是很好的形式。建立规范、完善的法医会诊制度将促进命案的及时侦破,提高命案侦破率,维护社会治安稳定。     

Contextual recipes for adopting private control and trust in public–private partnership governance

In governing public–private partnerships (PPPs), transferring control rights to the private sectors and building trust among partners are recognized as solutions to improve efficiency and adaptability. However, what contexts would fit into the adoption of these solutions remains unclear. Building on the relevant literature on project attributes and project environments, this article divides the context into several crucial factors: asset specificity, project publicness, institutional completeness, market maturity, and regulatory quality. A fuzzy set qualitative comparative analysis (fsQCA) was conducted on 1378 PPP projects in developing countries to examine the contexts that support the outcomes of private control and trust. Six causal paths created by a mix of contextual conditions are found to be sufficient for the outcomes, to which certain factors make unique contributions. Knowledge of these paths and context configurations can help to match the context to the considered governance solutions, thereby contributing to successful PPP governance.     

Methylation-Based Age Prediction Using Pyrosequencing Platform from Seminal Stains in Han Chinese Males

Various methods have been performed to predict an unknown individual's age from biological traces in forensic investigations. A considerably accurate age prediction for the semen donor can help narrow down the search in a sexual assault case. The aim of this study was to develop an assay for age prediction from seminal stains in Han Chinese males. We built a sperm-specific linear regression model using bisulfite pyrosequencing. Validations were conducted with a Mean Absolute Deviation from the chronological age (MAD) of 4.219 years in liquid semen, 4.158 years in fresh seminal stains, 4.393 years in aged seminal stains, and 3.880 years in mixed stains, respectively. Furthermore, our strategy enables accurate age prediction using a forensic casework sample. The strategy indicated that we produced an accurate and reliable age prediction tool for the semen donors in Han Chinese males for forensic purposes.     

一体化背景下的国家安全 战略能力探讨

能力是实现国家安全战略目标的基础,在国家安全战略实践中,能力是重中之重,但国家安全理论对能力问题的探讨却有所不足。国家安全战略能力是国家安全理论中的新概念,与国家安全能力、国家战略能力等传统概念既有联系又有区别,主要是指推动和落实国家安全战略的能力。随着国家安全概念不断拓展,国家安全战略能力也需要放在一体化的国家战略体系背景下深化分析。一体化概念运用到国家安全领域时,主要指统筹安全与发展的关系、各安全领域之间的关系、体系与能力的关系。国家行为主体建设和运用国家安全战略能力时,需要统筹这三对关系进行思考。一体化背景下,在国家安全战略能力要素方面,需要注意到战略资源、转化机制和谋划水平的拓展与延伸;在国家安全战略能力的结构方面,需要注意国家安全战略能力建设和运用各环节、各安全领域战略能力、国内外安全战略能力的变化。文章结合中国所处的当前战略环境,认为一体化背景下提升中国国家安全战略能力的主要途径包括强化战略领导能力、聚合国际国内资源、优化能力转化机制、军民融合发展和强化人才队伍建设。     

Analyzing the Link Between Job Satisfaction and Performance in Educational Institutions

The relationship between job satisfaction and organizational performance has been one of the most controversial issues in organizational management. This study examines how job satisfaction affects organizational performance analyzing the panel data collected from educational institutions in Korea. The results demonstrate that teachers’ organizational satisfaction is likely to improve students’ performance in standardized tests, whereas their work satisfaction is negatively related to it. Private school teachers showed higher organizational satisfaction than public school teachers and produced higher students’ test scores. No significant difference in work satisfaction between public and private school teachers was found.     

Domestic Violence and Women’s Land Rights in Rural China: Findings from a National Survey in 2010

In recent decades, China undertook a series of agricultural land tenure reforms to increase the security of land use rights for rural households. While these reforms boosted agricultural production, they also increased landlessness among women due to patrilocal and patrilineal customs. Utilising data from China’s Women Social Status Survey conducted in 2010, this paper examines the impact of women’s land rights on the incidence of domestic violence in rural China. The results show that women who have lost claims to contract land or have no residential land face significantly higher risks of being physically or psychologically abused by their husbands.     

Regionalisation, inter-regional cooperation and global governance

The contradiction between trans-boundary issues largely driven by globalisation and conventional authority based on sovereign state leads to the problem of global governance. Regionalisation emerges as a process in which nation states within geographic proximity take collective measures to cope with problems of global governance. With the increasing tendencies of regional cooperation, a new issue thus arises as to the interaction among regions. In fact, the more regionalized the world, the more necessary, enabled and willing for regions to construct connections with each other. Inter-regionalism and trans-regionalism therefore become a further step which regional blocks take to build one layer in the hierarchy of global governance. The paper takes the Asia–Europe Meeting as the case to analyze the above thesis. In the first section, it presents the observation that the global system is characterized with regionalisation, then analyzes the coordination problems facing regions interdependent upon one another and then formulates a modified framework for analysis of the Asia–Europe Meeting. In the second section of rational design, it analyzes the process in which Europe and Asia rationally establish the cooperation structure of ASEM as a means to tackle the coordination issues between the two regions. In the third section of governing globalisation, it discusses the effects and implications of ASEM’s contribution towards global governance mainly in ways of rationalizing international relations and strengthening regional identity in the era of globalisation.

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解决道路交通事故损害赔偿难的有效途径

道路交通事故损害赔偿中,机动车之间,机动车与非机动车驾驶人、行人之间发生道路交通事故这两类事故,在司法实践中面临损害赔偿难的困惑。主要原因是责任人赔偿能力有限、双方难达成共识、道路交通肇事逃逸增多。增强保险意识,实现道路事故车辆风险转移,提高赔付能力,完善道路交通事故损害赔偿立法工作和执行制度,启动诉前财产保全制度和社会救助基金制度,加大司法救助力度是解决这一难题的有效途径。