Determination of Adenosine Phosphates in Rat Gastrocnemius at Various Postmortem Intervals Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography

Abstract: Although the change in adenosine phosphate levels in muscles may contribute to the development of rigor mortis, the relationship between their levels and the onset and development of rigor mortis has not been well elucidated. In the current study, levels of the adenosine phosphates including adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), and adenosine monophosphate (AMP) in gastrocnemius at various postmortem intervals of 180 rats from different death modes were detected by high performance liquid chromatography. The results showed that the levels of ATP and ADP significantly decreased along with the postmortem period of rats from different death mode whereas the AMP level remained the same. In addition, it was found that changes in the ATP levels in muscles after death correlated well with the development of rigor mortis. Therefore, the ATP level could serve as a reference parameter for the deduction of rigor mortis in forensic science.     

《食品安全法》第四章误读索解

《食品安全法》第四章《食品生产经营》是本法的核心,可谓字字紧系健康,句句关乎安全。然而它恰恰又是本法语言表述疑义最多、最容易误读的章节。本文选择本章有代表性的容易误读的条款,对误读的内容、原因以及解决方法进行详尽的分析,所作的探讨,可以对其他章节的认识举一反三。     

论当前中国和平维护南海权益的国际环境

2010年以来,在美国高调介入南海地区事务以及越南推动南海问题多边化与外部化政策的影响下,东盟对南海问题的影响日趋增强,主要南海权益争端国家对中国的态度趋向强硬。南海问题的发展趋势表明,南海争端矛盾的尖锐化、问题解决机制的多边化、区域外强国介入的常态化已经成为中国和平维护南海权益不得不面对的国际环境。而美国与东盟提出的多边谈判和尽早协商通过《南海地区行为准则》的建议短期内无益于问题的解决。从容易解决的争端下手,通过双边谈判首先解决某些具体争端,逐渐消解南海问题的复杂性是中国应对当前南海问题复杂国际因素、和平维护南海权益的必要之举。     

有组织犯罪案件中污点证人豁免制度的引入

污点证人豁免制度是犯罪嫌疑人作为检控方证人出具重要证言,从而得以从轻、减轻或免除刑事处罚的一种刑事司法制度。目前,美、英、德、加等国和我国港、澳、台等地区都设立了污点证人作证豁免制度。污点证人作证豁免制度对有效打击有组织犯罪有着积极的现实意义。我国应当引入污点证人作证豁免制度,并结合本国国情将其本土化。     

对运用电脑绘制犯罪现场图技术存在问题的思考

目前,全国各级公安机关根据公安部的统一要求,除了绘制犯罪现场草图外,均要求用电脑绘制犯罪现场正式图,这也是公安执法规范化的具体要求之一。经过十多年的不断努力,运用电脑绘制犯罪现场图技术得到了长足的发展,然而,当前各级公安机关在利用电脑绘制现场图时却仍然存在具体操作上的难点,希望得到进一步的完善和解决。     

论银行卡犯罪的防范

银行卡犯罪是伴随着银行卡业务的发展而兴起的一种高科技、高智能的新型犯罪,其涉及法律关系复杂、侦防难度大等问题。文章从持卡人、发卡行、特约商户和公安机关的角度探讨了社会整体防控工作,防患于未然,以期减少银行卡犯罪的发生。     

浅议警察出庭作证制度

证人出庭作证是司法实践中的一大难题,其中警察出庭作证显得更为突出,在法制不断完善的社会,警察出庭作证更是引起人们的广泛关注。警察作证是推进证人出庭作证制度完善的重要一环。因为,警察作证的公务性有利于保障其证言的客观性。警察作证不仅有利于案件真实的发现和实体法律的正确适用,而且有利于激发刑事诉讼各方参与者的主动性,彰显程序自身的公正性,还可有力地约束警察的非法取证行为。     

侦查阶段强制到案措施规范化探究

侦查强制到案措施限制人身自由的手段很多,既包括法定措施,也包括法外措施,亟待加以规范。本文的探讨主要基于侦查强制到案措施而展开,尤其关注在刑事程序的初始阶段强制到案措施的启动和规范,期望减少侵犯人权的情况发生。     

环保NGO的人才输入与大学生就业问题分析

环保主体除了政府部门以外,还有一支重要的力量就是NGO。本文通过实地走访、调查问卷等方式调查了我国环保NGO的人才输入现状,并将这一现状与金融危机背景下当代中国大学生的就业问题联系起来,对两大群体的互动性和沟通途径进行了综合分析,以期为促进环保NGO的可持续发展和大学生环保与公民意识方面的自我提升提供借鉴。     

Trace Evidence Potential in Postmortem Skin Microbiomes: From Death Scene to Morgue

Microbes can be used effectively as trace evidence, at least in research settings. However, it is unknown whether skin microbiomes change prior to autopsy and, if so, whether these changes interfere with linking objects to decedents. The current study included microbiomes from 16 scenes of death in the City and County of Honolulu and tested whether objects at the scenes can be linked to individual decedents. Postmortem skin microbiomes were stable during repeated sampling up to 60 h postmortem and were similar to microbiomes of an antemortem population. Objects could be traced to decedents approximately 75% of the time, with smoking pipes and medical devices being especially accurate (100% match), house and car keys being poor (0%), and other objects like phones intermediate (~80%). These results show that microbes from objects at death scenes can be matched to individual decedents, opening up a new method of establishing associations and identifications.