世界一流大学建设:应如何理解?怎样行动?

建成若干所世界一流大学是我国高等教育发展的一项重要使命.一流大学是一个相对性概念,它存在范围、数量与时间三重指向.一流大学是一个兼具教学、科研与社会服务功能,不断地追求真理和学术自由,拥有一流的师资与一流学生,制度建设与先进大学理念相吻合的人才培养机构.在一流大学建设过程中,很容易出现教学、科研与社会服务关系处理与协调的失当,过度强化与错误适用管理主义,不能为高层次人才引进与发展创设良好的空间与制度环境等问题.实施高精尖学术团队打造战略、拔尖创新人才培养战略、高端国际化发展战略,建立以质量为核心的科研评价制度,建立、完善与世界一流大学建设相适应的学校内部治理结构,大力提升师资队伍水平、科研创新力与竞争力以及国际社会学术影响力,处理好研究性、综合性与特色性三者间的关系是建设世界一流大学的关键.     

高校领导干部领导观念刍议

领导是影响教育管理业绩的最主要因素之一。教育管理系统的有效运行,教育组织管理目标的实现,都与领导水平息息相关。只有首先对领导观念的认识加以澄清,充分发挥领导者自身的权力效应,不断提高工作能力和水平,才能有效推动高校的改革与发展。     

个人所得税纳税义务的法律建构

现代宪法规定国民有依照法律纳税的基本义务,而财产权的行使应同时有益于公共福祉,据此,个人所得税法建制侧重于设定纳税义务的成立要件和确定程序。个人所得税纳税义务是在所得分项基础上经由法律创设的,分为税款缴纳的主给付义务和纳税申报的从给付义务,可能由支付所得者或取得所得者履行。分类税制下,纳税义务主要由负有扣缴义务的支付所得者代为履行,取得所得者则负有根本性的纳税义务,充分体现税收稽征效率。综合所得范畴的引入,使得核心课税要素由所得这一征税客体转向纳税人,更能实现量能课税原则。纳税人有依照法律纳税的权利和义务,由此,重构纳税义务如下:其一,横向的并行结构,包括综合课征和分类课征等模式下的纳税义务,后者可能包含税收负担从轻权;其二,纵向的递进结构,包括预扣预缴和汇算清缴等阶段中的纳税义务,可能包含补税义务或申请退税权。     

论纵向非价格限制的反垄断规制

纵向非价格限制是市场竞争中的常见形式,但主要法域的法律实施对现实回应缺乏有效性和连贯性,中国《反垄断法》亦未对其作出明文规定而使法律实施处于不确定状态。比较分析欧盟法和美国法就纵向非价格限制的规制发展出来的逻辑与经验类型,可以确立:以品牌内竞争限制为起点从而影响品牌间竞争的经销限制应为纵向非价格限制反垄断规制的规范类型。进而,对其实施反垄断规制的进路,应以“品牌内-品牌间”竞争为分析主轴,考察规制的结构性因素和规制区间,分析反竞争影响与层次、确认效率及其促进竞争转化。最后,至关重要的是,要明确纵向垄断协议作为独立规范类型的内在逻辑、形成区格于横向垄断协议和滥用市场支配地位的分析方法。     

增强高校工会思想政治工作实效性的思考

高校工会思想政治工作是教职工思想政治工作的重要组成部分.高校工会的思想政治工作除了具有思想政治工作的一般特征之外,还具有自己独特的"个性",有其独特的优势,即更能够紧密结合实际,从而更能取得实效.增强工会思想政治工作的实效性,应该做到"五个融入",即在学校改革中融入思想政治工作、在民主管理中融入思想政治工作、在师德师风建设活动中融入思想政治工作、在校园文化活动中融入思想政治工作、在建"家"活动中融入思想政治工作.     

Chinese American Adolescents’ Perceptions of the Language Brokering Experience as a Sense of Burden and Sense of Efficacy

Children of immigrants who do translations and who interpret for others using their heritage language and English are known as language brokers. Although prior research suggests that children of immigrants’ perceptions of the language brokering experience vary greatly—from feeling a sense of efficacy to feeling a sense of burden—what remains unanswered in the literature is identification of the antecedents and processes that help to explain the varying psychological experience of language brokers. Using data from a two-wave prospective longitudinal study of 256 Chinese American adolescents, the present study tested potential mechanisms that may be responsible for adolescents’ perceptions of the language brokering experience as a sense or burden or sense of efficacy. The results demonstrate that adolescents’ Chinese orientation sets in motion a family process that is linked to variations in the perceptions of adolescents’ language brokering experience. Adolescents who are more Chinese oriented have a stronger sense of familial obligation, and these adolescents are more likely to perceive that they matter to their parents. Adolescents’ perceived sense of mattering to parents, in turn, is associated positively with a sense efficacy, and negatively with a sense of burden as language brokers. Those adolescents who are less Chinese oriented have a weaker sense of familial obligation, and these adolescents are more likely to feel a sense of alienation from their parents. Adolescents’ sense of perceived alienation from parents, in turn, is associated with a sense of burden as language brokers. Implications for developing interventions for children who act as language brokers for their parents are discussed.

From Porto Alegre to New York City: Participatory Budgeting and Democracy

Because of its popularity, there is now a large literature examining how participatory budgeting (PB) deepens participation by the poor and redistributes resources. Closer examinations of recent cases of PB can help us to better understand the political configurations in which these new participatory democratic spaces are embedded, and articulate the conditions that might lead to more meaningful outcomes. Who participates? For whose benefit? The articles in this symposium, on participatory budgeting in New York City (PBNYC), highlight both strengths and challenges of the largest American PB process. They focus less on redistribution, more on the dimensions of the process itself and of PBNYC’s successful social inclusion, new dynamics between participants and local politicians, and the subtleties of institutionalization. The symposium also reminds us, however, that contestations over meaningful participation are on-going, and that of all of PBNYC’s multiple goals, equity has proven to be the most elusive.     

从中日少年案件处理流程与矫正之比较看少年司法模式

日本存在三类对非行少年的相应法律制度：刑事司法制度、少年保护与儿童福利行政制度,少年法院在制度的连接与案件分流中起主导作用;中国的关于未成年人犯罪与严重违法案件的对应制度可两分为刑事司法系统之内与刑事司法系统之外。案件的处理与分流成流线型．最终进入刑事司法系统中的案件为涉嫌犯罪的未成年人案件。通过对于中日两国实然少年案件处理流程与矫正的比较得出结论：制定和实施具有司法法性质的少年法是实现少年司法制度独立的关键。     

Parenting and Centrality: The Role of Life Meaning as a Mediator for Parenting and Language Broker Role Identity

Journal of Youth and Adolescence - Language brokering is a prevalent phenomenon in ethnic minority immigrant populations. Although accruing evidence points to the beneficial impacts of healthy role...