TRIPs协议竞争规则研究

许多人认为 WTO中缺乏完整系统的竞争规则体系 ,当然 TRIPs协议也就不能例外。本文认为由于知识产权制度保护的客体——即智力成果所具有的特殊性 ,使得知识产权制度最初产生的目的即是为了规范市场竞争行为 ,其制度本身即具有竞争规范的作用。因此 ,作为目前最重要的知识产权保护公约的 TRIPs协议 ,自然也在规范与知识产权有关的竞争活动中具有重要的作用。本文分析了 TRIPs协议中竞争规则的主要特征 ,对 TRIPs协议中主要竞争规则进行了简要的介绍并进行了评介 ,最后还就我国当前应当采取的对策提出了笔者自己的建议     

西部大开发中需要借鉴的外国经验

放眼世界,不同民族、不同地区间的不平衡发展,是许多国家面临的共同问题。如何从政府行为即政策措施倾斜的角度,扶贫济弱,加大贫困地区的开发力度,使其迅速摆脱贫困落后的面貌,尽快走上致富之路,进而缩小差别,协调发展,实现共同富裕,是许多国家长期以来所追求的理想目标。为此,本文分别介绍了发展中国家印度和巴西、发达国家美国和日本的经验并进行了国际社会反贫困的经验比较,旨在强调我国在实施西部大开发中应该从中学习其有益的经验。     

'Building a Better World'

Garran Oration Royal Institute of Public Administration Australia National Conference, 29 November -1 December 2003     

Security, Capacity and Post-Market Reforms: Public Management Change in 2003

Public sector change in 2003 was a product of external demands and internal pressures for improvement. The specific areas addressed are responses to security threats in the international environment; strengthening internal capacity, particularly through whole-of-government approaches; and fine-tuning the public management model in part through readjustments to the centre-agency relationship and greater emphasis on horizontal structures and processes.
This is the ninth year an administrative essay has been published in the journal since 1996. Earlier chronicles include: J. Stewart 55(1) 1996; S. Prasser 56(1) 1997; J. Homeshaw 57(3) 1998; J. Moon 58(2) 1999; J. Curtin 59(1) 2000; C. Broughton and J. Chalmers 60(1) 2001; N. Miragliotta 61(1) 2002; and J. Nettercote 62(1) 2003.
In this issue two chronicles are published — the first, by John Halligan and Jill Adams, focuses on external security and internal capacity building. The second assessment by Scott Prasser takes a different view of compliant management, poor decisions and reactive change.     

'Designing Better Health Care in the South': A Case Study of Unsuccessful Transformational Change in Public Sector Health Service Reform

This article presents a case study of a project known as 'Designing Better Health Care in the South' that attempted to transform four separately incorporated health services in southern Adelaide into a single regional health service. The project's efforts are examined using Kotter's (1996) model of the preconditions for transformational change in organisations and the areas in which it met or failed to meet these preconditions are analysed, using results from an evaluation that was commenced during the course of the attempted reform. The article provides valuable insights into an attempted major change by four public sector health organisations and the facilitators and barriers to such change. It also examines the way in which forces beyond the control of individual public sector agencies can significantly impact on attempts to implement organisational change in response to an identified need. This case study offers a rare glimpse into the micro detail of health care reform processes that are so widespread in contemporary health services but which are rarely systematically evaluated.     

The risky business of public–private partnerships

Public–private partnerships (PPPs) are now a common strand of third way government policy, with better efficiency promised from the private funding of public infrastructure through the transfer of risks to private parties. This paper aims to investigate, on an empirical basis, the realities of risk transfers in PPPs and compare this experience against both the rhetoric of project proponents and the formal contract conditions. The paper outlines some conceptual frameworks underpinning PPPs and establishes the notions of risk shifting and risk sharing. The range of typical risks encountered in infrastructure projects is specially considered, and differences to traditional project delivery arrangements are articulated. Some empirical experience on the transfer of risks under PPPs is then outlined through a case study. This analysis shows the extent to which risks were shifted to the private parties as planned, or whether risks remained with government. It is argued that while commercial risks were largely well managed, governance risks were not. It is critical to understand better the nature of risk transfers in PPPs in view of the large financial implications of these deals along with long contract terms.     

国家公务员考核量化测评方法研究

建立科学的分类考核要素和量化测评体系,是弱化主观因素的影响、提高考核结果科学性、准确性的关键之一。为解决国家公务员考核量化测评过程中主观因素影响较大的问题,可运用层次分析法与模糊评判法来促进国家公务员考核定量化。在重视与现行公务员考核量化测评方法衔接的基础上,通过适当补充、完善考核要素指标,采用层次分析法(AHP)确定一级考核指标因素和二级考核因子的权值,以建立模糊综合测评的模型。     

行政法与合理性原则--兼论现代行政法应当坚持"合理性"高于"合法性"

将"合理性"要求从民法引入行政法,乃是人类法治的一大进步.从此,行政机关的行政行为不仅被要求合法,同时被要求合理,行政法的两大原则即合法性原则与合理性原则由此被确认.合法性原则高于合理性原则,后者只是前者的补充,这乃是当今大多学者有关两大原则之间关系方面的一种观点.本文在挖掘"合理性原则"渊源与标准的基础上,提出了"合理性"高于"合法性"的主张,并认为这有助于中国从形式法治走向实质法治.     

计算机数字证据的检验、鉴定程序和方法研究

在计算机空前发达的现代社会 ,数字证据的出现给我们提出了新的研究课题。开展计算机数字证据的检验 ,鉴定程序和方法的研究有其必要 ,进而建立一套规范的检验 ,鉴定程序和方法 ,以提高公安机关打击计算机犯罪的功效。     

车辆痕迹在侦破盗窃案件中的应用

文章探讨了侦破盗窃案件过程中如何寻找、确定现场车辆痕迹,需要测量、提取的车辆痕迹种类以及在侦破盗窃案件中对车辆轮胎印痕、车体痕迹,整体分离物痕迹、微量物证的具体应用。