Coping with a two-dimensional political space: Party mobilisation in referendums on European integration

European Union referendums invite national electorates to vote on transnational cooperation and regional integration, thereby creating tension between transnational ballot issues and domestic electoral mobilisation. Because of the tension, domestic political parties are forced to confront a two-dimensional political space in EU referendums. In the referendum-generated political space, unless integration issues are more salient than domestic concerns, intra-divided and inter-converged mainstream parties tend strategically to abstain from the campaigns. Yet, explicit inter-party collusion may allow the pro-integration mainstream to form a party cartel in EU referendums. Suggestive evidence is drawn from a case study of the two Irish referendums on the Nice Treaty. Based on a party-candidate survey, Irish parties are mapped onto a latent two-dimensional political space. The findings shed new light on the initial abstention of Irish mainstream parties in the first Nice campaign and their subsequent mobilisation in the second referendum.     

A Tour of Snow Mountains

CHINA＇S famous snow-capped mountains are mainly located in the northwestern and south-western regions, including the Daxue Moun- tains in Sichuan Province, the Gladandong Mountains in Qinghai Province, the Tianshan Mountains in Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, the Qomolang-ma, the Nyainqentanglha and the Kangrinboqe in Tibet Autonomous Region, and the MoJrig and Yulong Snow Mountains Jn Yunnan Province. These mysterious, dangerous and magnificent peaks attract numerous pilgrims and adventurers, despite being in remote areas and being snow-capped all year round.     

Know Thyself,Know Thy Enemy： Sunzi＇s Art of War

SUN Wu, better known as Sunzi, is widely considered to be the greatest strategist ever and exerted a huge influence on Chinese     

All Politics Is Local

<正>Exchanges add to the dynamism of bilateral relations between cities in China and the United States In fluent Chinese with a little help from slide shows in the same language,Spencer Cohen, Research Manager of the International Trade and Economic Development Division of the     

援助与纠纷解决:对印度“人民法庭”制度的考察

印度“人民法庭”为普通民众特别是社会底层民众能够接近司法提供了一个渠道.印度法律明确规定了它的组织机构、受案范围、经费来源和组织成员等.“人民法庭”具有受案范围较广、选择自愿、程序快捷、裁决终局、解决案件免费等特点,它既能对弱势群体予以法律援助也能减轻法院积案负担.鉴于印度“人民法庭”和我国人民调解有较大的相似性,其制度对我国人民调解制度的完善有一定借鉴意义.     

人身危险性与责任主义

人身危险性和人格相互补充,在定罪中起到"出罪"作用.责任主义利用人身危险性和人格的具体内容,将所有具有客观危害的行为分为两类:将在意志控制下的危害行为纳入刑罚的惩罚之下,将非意志控制下的危害行为纳入保安处分的矫正之中.在刑罚领域,人身危险性在罪刑法定的前提下,在责任主义的监督下,起到了很好的出罪作用.在保安处分领域,笔...     

高等学校毕业论文教学环节改革研究与实践

为了提高本科毕业论文的质量,可以在保证选题一致性的前提下,整合本科学年论文与毕业论文的写作时间,在学年论文阶段完成自主选题和资料收集的前期工作,毕业论文在此基础上进一步拓展和探讨.     

刑罚人道主义与我国死刑废止

死刑问题是当今国际社会所共同关注的刑法问题之一,而其受到诘难的重要理由在于其反人道性。本文以“人道主义”为基线和评判标准,从刑罚人道主义、死刑的一般预防目的、刑罚的人道关怀三个方面对死刑进行逐一考察并得出基本结论:死刑是残酷的、不人道的以及蔑视人权的首要刑罚手段,是违背刑罚人道主义的;死刑的适用超过了罪与刑的相当性,一般预防不应成为我国刑罚的目的,更不应成为我国适用死刑的理由;减少乃至废止死刑的适用是刑罚人道关怀的要求。因此,笔者认为死刑有逐出刑罚体系的可能性与必要性。     

高职院校经贸应用型人才培养模式的研究

中国对外贸易的不断发展,对外贸专业人才的需求不断增加,这对于外贸人才培养的机构是一个非常好的机遇。如何培养企业所需的经贸的经贸专业应用型人才是摆在经贸专业教师面前的一个重要课题,经贸系的部分专业教师开展了对高职经贸应用型人才培养模式的研究,试图创立“2＋1”人才培养的新模式,为经贸专业人才培养开辟新的思路,为经贸专业的学生就业拓宽新的渠道。     

论出租车营运中交通事故赔偿责任主体的认定

认定出租车营运中的交通事故赔偿责任主体,首先应区分不同的营运方式,其次应以运行控制、运行利益为标准来判断。出租车挂靠经营中交通事故赔偿责任主体应是挂靠者,被挂靠者负垫付责任;承包经营中,赔偿责任主体应是承包者,发包方负连带责任;租赁经营中,出租者是否对交通事故承担连带赔偿责任,以出租人对机动车驾驶员驾驶资格是否知情为前提。