Adolescents’ Response to Parental Efforts to Influence Eating Habits: When Parental Warmth Matters

Previous findings have shown both beneficial and adverse effects of parents’ attempts to influence adolescents’ eating habits. The current study examined the differential effect of parents’ persuasion (e.g., encouragement, giving information) and pressure tactics (e.g., guilt induction, ridicule) and the moderating influence of parental warmth on older adolescents’ emotional and behavioral responses. An ethnically diverse sample of 336 older adolescents (M age = 18.6; SD = 1.1; 58.0% female) were surveyed. Adolescents who reported higher levels of pressure tactics by parents reported more negative affect and behavioral resistance. Perceived parental warmth moderated the influence of persuasion tactics, but not pressure tactics. For adolescents with low parental warmth, high levels of persuasion were associated with more negative emotional and behavioral responses; persuasion had the opposite associations for adolescents with high parental warmth. These results suggest that parental warmth plays an important role in how older adolescents respond to parents’ persuasion tactics. However, when parents use more forceful pressure tactics to influence eating habits, adolescents react negatively regardless of the overall quality of the parent–adolescent relationship.     

企业民主管理的实证基础——以员工参与与员工满意度相关关系为视角

企业民主管理的核心就是企业能够提供制度化的、常规化的渠道让员工在不同环节、不同层面进行不同程度的参与,通过这种参与,使劳资双方能够进行相互的利益表达、沟通和协调,从而提升员工满意度及企业内在组织团结,进而提升企业的管理绩效,推动企业组织的创新和发展.调查数据也确实表明,员工参与对员工满意度的解释力度非常大,这也为企业民主管理的合理性和正当性提供了实证基础.     

对劳动者实现体面劳动的再认识

在经济全球化背景下,随着新生代农民工队伍的不断壮大,我国的劳动关系状况也在发生新变化,特别是广大劳动者的劳动就业、劳动收入、劳动条件、劳动保障、生存环境和生活质量等方面存在一些新情况、新问题,出现了一些与体面劳动相悖的现象,损害了劳动者的合法权益,影响到社会稳定和社会的和谐发展。让广大劳动者实现体面劳动,工会组织责无旁贷,任重道远。     

Learning to Cooperate: Learning Networks and the Problem of Altruism

We explore how two populations learn to cooperate with each other in the absence of institutional support. Individuals play iterated prisoner's dilemmas with the other population, but learn about successful strategies from their own population. Our agent-based evolutionary models reconfirm that cooperation can emerge rapidly as long as payoffs provide a selective advantage for nice, retaliatory strategies like tit-for-tat, although attainable levels of cooperation are limited by the persistence of nonretaliatory altruists. Learning processes that adopt the current best response strategy do well only when initial conditions are very favorable to cooperation, while more adaptive learning processes can achieve high levels of cooperation under a wider range of initial conditions. When combined with adaptive learning, populations having larger, better connected learning relationships outperform populations with smaller, less connected ones. Clustered relationships can also enhance cooperation, particularly in these smaller, less connected populations.     

从冲突走向合作:政府与民众的利益关系解析——以浙江省青田县滩坑移民为例

政府与民众的关系是政治领域的永恒主题。多少王朝的兴替,多少政权的更迭,都与此相关,都由此决定。本文试从利益的视角,民众的心态与诉求,政府的行事与作为,解析市场经济条件下政府与民众的关系,如何从冲突走向合作。     

关于我国农村社会组织问题研究的几点思考

当代中国农村社会组织问题研究,具有重要的理论和实践意义.目前的研究方法大致可概括为:以田野调查研究农村社会组织;以乡村治理视域研究农村社会组织;以法律视角探究农村社会组织.近代以来,中国农村社会组织的发生发展与当时社会的经济政治环境密切.基于此,研究当代中国农村社会组织应该有历史的维度,勇于探索,不断寻找新的途径.     

唐代官吏考绩制度初探

唐代官吏考绩制度巳较成熟.其考绩指标兼顾"德"、"才"两个方面.考绩运行机制周密,组织程序严谨,力求考绩的公正、真实、准确;考绩结果与官吏的俸禄增减、职位升迁等紧密联系,激发了官吏的工作积极性;考绩制度提高了唐朝官府的工作效率和管理能力,在国家治理中发挥了重要作用.     

碳税征收的国际比较与经验借鉴

近年来,全球气候变暖的趋势进一步加剧,越来越多的国家和地区对二氧化碳等各种温室气体采取了减排措施,征收碳税就是其中之一.目前,碳税已在芬兰、瑞典、丹麦、荷兰、意大利以及加拿大的魁北克省和不列颠哥伦比亚省得到了运用,但这些国家和地区在碳税基本要素、税收偏离、碳税地位及效果等方面各不相同.国外开征碳税的实践为我国提供的借鉴经验是:开征碳税应选择合适的时机和合适的征收方式,应遵循逐步推进的原则,采取税收中性的改革措施,应在生产环节征收碳税等.     

论中国特色社会主义理论体系的"中国特色"

从世界历史和当代中国现实来看,中国特色社会主义理论体系的"中国特色"主要体现在这个理论体系所独有的理论品格和独特蕴含:一是中国特色社会主义理论体系蕴含了中国社会主义发展阶段的独特性,二是中国特色社会主义理论体系是当代中国特色现代化道路的理论总结,三是中国特色社会主义理论体系是当代中国民族主体性凸显的理论表达.     

基于精英策略的多目标进化算法的研究

针对基于精英策略的多目标进化算法NSGAⅡ[1]解的多样性降低的缺点,提出了一个分布函数改进其精英策略.通过调节分布函数中的参数,控制精英解的选取范围,使一部分非精英解也能参与到遗传操作中,增加了解的多样性.实验结果表明,改进的多目标进化算法无论在解的多样性方面还是解的收敛性方面都有较大改观,性能明显优于NSGAⅡ.