应用反转录-聚合酶链反应检测动物组织中的口蹄疫病毒

应用反转录－聚合酶链反应（ＲＴ－ＰＣＲ）技术检测了猪和牛的扁桃体、淋巴结、脊髓、肌肉和蹄冠皮肤中的口蹄疫病毒（ＦＭＤＶ）。与接种乳鼠测毒法比较，该方法的灵敏度达０．１６ＬＤ５０～０．３２ＬＤ５０病毒量。检测人工感染后７～３５ｄ的猪组织样品７７份，２５份为阳性；接种乳鼠并盲传３代，乳鼠－间接血凝试验（ＩＨＡ）鉴定６份为阳性。检测人工感染后４～７ｄ的牛组织样品５２份，２０份为阳性；接种乳鼠－ＩＨＡ鉴定１２份为阳性。检测野外鲜肉样品４７份，１２份为阳性；任选其中８份样品接种细胞单层，盲传至第６～７代，先后有５份样品产生ＣＰＥ；其中６份样品同时接种乳鼠，盲传至第６～７代，３组乳鼠出现ＦＭＤＶ致病症状，ＩＨＡ鉴定为阳性。检测冻猪肉样品３７份，３份为阳性；冻牛肉样品９份、冻羊肉样品１０份，均为阴性     

基于现代教育技术环境下刑事技术教学的思考

现代教育技术给传统的刑事技术课程教学带来了冲击,新的形势对刑事技术提出了新的要求,迫切需要将信息技术与刑事技术课程教学进行整合。基于现代教育技术环境下的刑事技术课程教学结构应以教师为主导,学生为主体。将现代教育技术引入刑事技术课程教学,可以激发学生学习兴趣,有利于学生自主学习和协作学习能力的提高,有利于提高学生信息素养。     

COOKING CLASS：Steamed Crabs

"Xigaze is my hometown,It has a beautiful river,Grandma says the sheep and cattlethat roam its hillsides are Buddha'sblessing.White clouds in the blue sky,     

论注册会计师责任体系的规范

我国注册会计师职业发展面临立法相对滞后的问题,随着《中华人民共和国注册会计师法》修订工作的开始,对行业管理、执业范围、组织结构、法律责任等方面的理论探讨已经提上日程。本文以立法的背景为参考,分析现有注册会计师法律责任体系的不适性;从法律责任功能的界定、法律责任体系的构建、法律责任鉴定机制的完善以及行业发展的立法对策等方面提出初步构想。     

试析期刊出版者与编辑、作者的著作权关系——兼论期刊出版者的著作权

期刊属于典型的汇编作品,因而其具有双重的著作权主体,即作品作者和期刊出版者,而期刊能成为独立的作品,又是由于编辑的创造性劳动,使得期刊又具有职务作品的属性。同时,由于期刊是在原作品的基础上产生的,期刊著作权的行使对原作品又存在依附性。     

农村宅基地使用权性质探析

宅基地使用权是我国特有的一种用益物权制度.关于该项权利的性质,学界的主流观点是宅基地使用权属于地上权.如果把农村宅基地使用权的性质界定为地上权,将不得不在该制度内部创设许多例外,这样就破坏了地上权制度本身的完整性.相较于地上权而言,宅基地使用权在立法目的、权利的构成等方面更接近于人役权,可以借鉴大陆法系上的人役权中的用益权理论.完善我国宅基地使用权制度.     

日本的经济宪法——垄断禁止法

<正> 日本是我国的友好邻邦,也是我国重要的对外贸易伙伴。第二次世界大战后,日本走上了经济民主主义的道路,并以此为基本国策,逐步健全了经济法制。一九四七年颁布的《关于禁止私人垄断和确保公正交易的     

一年来日本宪法学的动向

《法律时报》1981年12月号特刊发表了名古渥市立女子短期大学副教授森正、日本福利大学副教授今井证三合写的《一年来日本宪法学的动向》一文,对1981年日本宪法学的动向作了全面评介,现就其中几个主要方面的问题,摘要介绍如下:     

Application of HLA-DRB1 genotyping by oligonucleotide micro-array technology in forensic medicine

The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) system is known to be the most complex polymorphic system in the human genome. Among all of the HLA loci, HLA-DRB1 has the second largest number of alleles. The purpose of this study is to develop an oligonucleotide micro-array based HLA-DRB1 typing system for use in forensic identification, anthropology, tissue transplantation, and other genetic research fields. The system was developed by analyzing the HLA-DRB1 (DRB1) genotypes in 1198 unrelated healthy Chinese Han individuals originating from various parts of China and residing in Shanghai, China. METHOD: Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) coupled with the oligonucleotide micro-array technology was used to detect and type HLA-DRB1 alleles of the sample individuals. The reliability, sensitivity, consistency and specificity were evaluated for use in forensic identification. Furthermore, a meta-analysis was carried out by comparing the allele frequencies of the HLA-DRB1 locus with those of other Chinese Han groups, Chinese minorities and other ethnic populations. RESULTS: All the DNA samples yielded a 273 bp amplification product, with no other amplification products in this length range. The minimum quantity of DNA detected by this method is 15 ng in a PCR reaction system of 25 microl. The population studied appeared to be not in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. Observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), expected probability of exclusion (PE), polymorphic information content (PIC), and discrimination power (DP) of the HLA-DRB1 locus from the Shanghai Han ethnic group were evaluated to be 0.8022, 0.8870, 0.7741, 0.8771, 0.9750, respectively. A total of 25 HLA-DRB1 alleles were identified. HLA-DRB1*09XX, *04XX, *12XX and *15XX were the most frequent DRB1 alleles, which were observed in 58.76% of the sample. One hundred and sixteen genotypes were found. The five most frequent genotypes were: *04XX/*04XX (0.0626), *09XX/*09XX (0.0593), *04XX/*09XX (0.0551), *09XX/*15XX (0.0384) and *08XX/*12XX (0.0351). The meta-analysis showed that there were uniquely distributed features of DRB1 alleles among various ethnic populations and among the studied population groups from various regions with the same ethnic origin. CONCLUSIONS: An HLA-DRB1 genotyping system has been developed and established based on the oligonucleotide micro-array technology. The HLA-DRB1 typing of the Han population in Shanghai has revealed a relatively high heterogeneity. Information obtained in this study will be useful for medical and forensic applications as well as in anthropology research. Large-scale micro-array detection is highly accurate and reliable for DNA-based HLA-DRB1 genotyping. These results suggest that HLA-DRB1 DNA polymorphisms and the database of the Shanghai Han group have useful applications in processing forensic casework (as personal identification, paternity test), tracing population migration and genetic diagnosis.     

CT在肋骨骨折认定中的价值及骨折的力学分析

目的探讨在法医学鉴定中普通X线片难以确定的肋骨骨折,以CT技术加以显示的方法,并阐明肋骨骨折的力学原理。方法对17例普通X线技术显示困难的肋骨骨折行CT扫描,采用薄层平滑和高分辨率重建、表面遮盖法和多平面重建观察,确定肋骨骨折的部位、数量、形态、移位和骨痂形成情况等信息。结果17例X线平片难以确定的骨折,通过上述CT扫描和后处理重建技术,均得到满意的结果。通过骨折力学分析和影像观察,将间接暴力导致肋骨骨折的力矩分成垂直和旋转两类,从而提出垂直型和旋转型肋骨骨折的分类。结论对普通X线平片难以确定的肋骨骨折,建议采用薄层CT扫描,沿肋骨长轴多平面重建观察,结合肋骨骨折的力学原理,有助于避免将急性旋转型肋骨骨折误诊为陈旧骨折。