Procedural justice during police-citizen encounters: The effects of process-based policing on citizen compliance and demeanor

Purpose

Theories of procedural justice have facilitated the development of a process-based approach to policing which emphasizes the fairness of the manner in which the police exercise their discretion. The study examines whether procedurally fair behavior by the police affects two types of citizen behavior during encounters: citizen disrespect toward the police and citizen noncompliance with police requests.

Methods

This study uses data from systematic social observations of police-citizen encounters to examine procedural justice factors on citizen behavior. Because of the reciprocal nature of police-citizen interactions, an instrumental variable is used in the statistical analysis to help address the causal relationship between police force and citizen disrespect.

Results

The statistical analyses find limited support for procedural justice factors. Two types of procedurally fair behavior by the police, police demeanor and their consideration of citizen voice, are significant in reducing citizen disrespect and noncompliance, respectively.

Conclusion

Procedural justice factors have limited and inconsistent impacts on the two types of citizen behavior, and future research should address the limitations of this study and evaluate process-based policing with more data from social observations of police-citizen encounters.     

美国警察史及其近期演变

美国警察史可分为三个阶段,第一阶段建国以后效仿英国建立职业警察;第二阶段是警务战略转变的准备期;第三阶段社区警务。美国的警察发展始终遵循一条红线来发展的,就是不断地贯彻实施以保护个人权利为中心的民主和法治,并以此原则来建设警察,指导警务。     

海外华文和英文媒体的中国报道——基于新加坡《联合早报》网站和The Strait Times(《海峡时报》)网站的比较分析

结合"一带一路"倡议的背景和媒体融合发展的趋势,本文选择新加坡的主流华文和英文媒体为研究对象,以社区结构理论框架和互动概念为支撑,采用量化内容分析方法,对《联合早报》网站和The Strait Times网站上关于中国的新闻内容和报道方式进行了比较。本文发现,《联合早报》与The Strait Times在报道中国时有相似的议题和倾向性,但是《联合早报》的报道内容具有更高的原创性,而The Strait Times多依赖西方通讯社来报道中国。另外,在报道中国的方式方面,《联合早报》更侧重于人机互动,而The Strait Times更侧重于人际互动。但是,《联合早报》与The Strait Times都没有充分利用网络的融合传播优势。本文讨论了华文媒体相对于主流媒体的比较优势。     

在和谐铁路建设实践中不断推进政治工作的创新发展

在今年的全国铁路工作会议上,部党组作出了全面推进和谐铁路建设,实现铁路又好又快发展,为经济社会又好又快发展作出新的更大贡献的战略决策,同时提出了在推进和谐铁路建设中实现政治工作创新发展的要求,进一步丰富了政治工作思路,指明了今后一个时期政治工作努力的方向。本文仅就在和谐铁路建设实践中如何不断推进政治工作的创新发展谈一些我们的粗浅认识。     

赤芍总甙抗血栓作用研究

研究赤芍总甙对血液凝固和血栓形成的影响。方法：赤芍总甙按５０、１００、２００ｍｇ／ｋｇ灌胃给药，观察其对小鼠、大鼠凝血时间、ＡＤＰ－Ｎａ诱导的小鼠肺血栓状态以及电刺激大鼠血栓形成的作用。结论：赤芍总甙有显的抗凝、抗血栓形成作用。     

针灸正骨法治疗急性期腰椎间盘突出症58例

目的：探讨针灸正骨法治疗急性期腰椎间盘突出症（ＬＩＤＰ）的疗效。方法：采用单盲对比法将患随机分成两组，治疗组５８例，对照组５０例，分别采用针灸正骨法和正骨法配合静脉滴注甘露醇，地塞米松疗法相对照，进行对比观察。结果：治疗组疗效优于对照组，两组有显性差异。结论：针灸正骨法是治疗急性期ＬＩＤＰ实用，有效的方法。     

Within the shadow of hierarchy: The role of hierarchical interventions in environmental collaborative governance

Existing literature often analyzes the effects of horizontal relationships on collaborative governance, though some scholars have started to recognize the role of hierarchical interventions. This paper identities two poorly examined areas of study. First, there is a lack of empirical studies to understand the diverse impacts of hierarchical interventions on collaborative governance. Second, there is little deliberation on how existing horizontal relationships can moderate the effects that hierarchical interventions have on collaborative governance. This paper utilizes environmental collaboration data from the Yangtze River Delta region in China to estimate the impacts of hierarchical interventions on collaborative arrangements and the contextual effects of horizontal relationships. We find that hierarchical interventions, such as top-down regulations and performance evaluation, enhance the formalization of collaborative arrangements. Additionally, horizontal relationships derived from past experiences can moderate the effects of hierarchical interventions, notwithstanding such effects vary among different interventions.     

自下而上的自觉——劳动关系调整的另一种视角

自上而下通过行政手段建立起来的劳动关系调整模式,由于忽略了劳工的自觉和参与,在维护劳工权益方面起到的作用有限.与此同时,劳动者的自觉意识不断觉醒并通过自身的力量来争取权益,这为我们提供了劳动关系调整的另一种视角,一种自下而上的来自劳工的视角.劳工的力量,不仅改变其自身命运,也推动着劳资关系调整制度的创新,如何有效地引导...