重建耻骨联合三维结构用于活体年龄推断的技术方法

目的建立基于MRI成像的快速耻骨联合三维结构重建技术方法。方法利用3.0 T超导磁共振仪对成年男性志愿者骨盆进行T1小角度快速激发3D梯度回波序列扫描,进行二值化阈值分割、区域增长提取骨盆软组织图像;运算获得耻骨联合三维结构模型雏形,经逆向工程软件降噪处理建立耻骨联合三维结构模型,并与耻骨CT扫描三维结构重建模型进行比较。结果耻骨联合面沟嵴、下端、腹侧缘(斜面)、背侧缘(斜面)、耻骨结节等结构显示完整,无明显噪点,与CT扫描三维重建模型吻合较好。结论 MRI扫描成像可实现快速有效的耻骨联合三维结构重建,可为法医活体年龄推断提供安全无辐射作用的三维可视化影像学技术方法。     

盗窃案件现场检材提取与DNA检测结果的统计分析

目的统计分析1574例盗窃案件中提取的2496个现场生物检材,为提高DNA在盗窃案件侦破中的应用成效提供参考。方法根据2496个生物检材的类型、现场提取方法、重点提取部位、DNA检测结果等进行统计和分析比较,总结常见类型盗窃案件现场生物检材的主要发现提取部位以及不同方法提取的现场生物检材DNA检出率。结果接触类检材已成为盗窃案件最多见的生物检材类型,但检出率仍然较低,对混合分型应进一步分析筛选以提高DNA的认定率;不同方法提取的现场生物检材在DNA检出率方面存在统计学差异,接触类生物检材以植绒拭子和原物提取的方式为首选;现场生物检材的主要发现提取部位根据盗窃案件的类型不同有所侧重。结论现场勘查人员在盗窃案件中发现和提取到有价值的生物检材是提高DNA检出认定能力的关键因素,应着力培养现场勘查人员的微量生物物证意识,提高现场勘查人员提取和处理微量生物检材的能力。     

中国大陆刑法和澳门刑法中共同犯罪比较研究

共同犯罪, 是一种相对于单独犯罪而言的更为复杂的犯罪形态,具有更加严重的社会危害性, 历来是各国及地区刑法的锋芒所向。本文对中国大陆和澳门地区刑法关于共同犯罪的立法模式和内容、共同犯罪的概念与构成、共同犯罪人的种类及处罚以及认定和处理共同犯罪的一些特殊问题等进行了比较研究, 并提出可供两地关于共同犯罪的立法和司法借鉴改善之处。     

排脓散汤剂和散剂中有效成分生物利用度的比较研究

目的 比较排脓散的汤剂与散剂中有效成分的药物代谢动力学参数,为排脓散的剂型选择提供依据.方法 以栀子苷为内标,采用UPLC-MS/MS法测定大鼠血液中芍药苷、橙皮苷、新橙皮苷和柚皮苷的含量,用乙酸乙酯法提取后,制备样品,然后使用Themo Scientific Syncronis C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×100 mm,2.7μm)在35℃下进行色谱分离,以水和乙腈为流动相,流速0.3 mL/min,进行负离子模式的多反应监测,用于测定血浆中标准品和内标.结果 4种有效成分含量在0.2～500 ng/mL范围内与峰面积呈良好的线性关系,提取回收率、稳定性、精密度均良好且达到测定要求.大鼠经单次给药后,与汤剂比较,排脓散散剂可显著增加橙皮苷的生物利用度(P<0.05),而不能显著增加新橙皮苷、柚皮苷和芍药苷的生物利用度(P>0.05).结论 排脓散散剂的生物利用度可能更优于汤剂.     

“全球治理”与“建设和谐世界”理念比较研究

本文通过比较分析"全球治理"与"建设和谐世界"理念的异同,研究探索两者之间的相互关系,认为:一、两者都是对全球化深入发展,以及当代国际体系发生深刻变化的反应,并且都否定强权政治;二、"建设和谐世界"是中国融入当代国际体系、参与全球化过程中,为应对全球性问题挑战而提出的,具有中国特色的处理国际事务新理念,同时也与"全球治理"有一定的契合;三、由于"建设和谐世界"的思想基础是马列主义的和平共处国际关系理论,又与建设有中国特色的社会主义紧密相关,且强调传统中华文化的"和为贵"的理念,因此不能简单地认为它是中国的"全球治理"理论;四、"建设和谐世界"比"全球治理"理念更具包容性,因此建设和谐世界不仅能参与"全球治理",而且能超越全球治理。     

“央强地弱”政治信任结构的解析——关于央地关系一个新的阐释框架

当下中国,民众偏信中央政府的政治信任结构相当明显,这种政治信任结构虽然说明政权合法性依然牢固,但是地方政府缺乏民众信任却影响了国家整体治理能力的提高、社会政治稳定和地方政府公共政策的有效执行。这种偏信中央政府的政治信任结构的形成原因是相当复杂的,文章从历史文化主义、理性选择主义和制度主义三个角度对民众偏信中央政府进行了解释,从政治图像、政治接触与经济增长机制三个方面对形成这种“央强地弱”的政治信任结构的生成机制和生成结构进行了解析。     

Development of hand-wrist bones of 14 year-old adolescents. II. Standard of bony age for girls

OBJECTIVE: To study the current development of hand-wrist bones of adolescents in China, and establish special forensic bony age standard for estimating 14 years of criminal responsible age in female adolescents. METHODS: One hundred and ten healthy girls aged from 13 years and 9 months to 14 years and 3 months in Lengshuijiang district of Hunan province were enrolled in this study. X-ray films of their left hand-wrists were taken dorsaventrally, and 15 sites on the wrist x-ray films were examined and measured under standard condition. The development grade was confirmed by maximal percentage to establish a method to estimate the bony age, which was then checked by single blind method. RESULTS: Development grade of the radius, the middle third phalanx and the fourth phalanx was partially closed (> 2/3), and the rest was wholly-closed with existence of the epiphyseal line. The development grade of the middle third phalanx and fourth phalanx was different between the younger group (< 14 years, partially closed, > 2/3) and the older group (> 14 years, mostly closed with existence of only epiphyseal line). The cross diameter of the osteoepiphysises were wider than that of all the diaphysises. The confirmed accuracy (in 30 girls) was 83.3%. CONCLUSION: Our study seemes to be feasible in establishing the estimation standard for bony age determination. The standard established by developmental metaphysis and authropometry may be particularly helpful in forensic practice for estimation of accurate criminal responsible age in adolescents.     

Turkish Nationhood: Civic and Ancestral and Cultural

This article challenges two established views in the literature on Turkish nationalism. First, that Turkish nationhood in the early republican era was civic and ethnic and, second, that, while Turkish nationhood was inclusive and egalitarian in constitutional texts, in the early years of the Turkish Republic and in the case of Turkish citizens of Muslim origin, it became exclusive or discriminatory in citizenship practices once the Republic was consolidated and in the case of non-Muslim Turkish citizens. Contra these two established views, I first argue that Turkish nationhood was not civic and ethnic, but it was actually civic and ancestral and cultural. Secondly, relying on an examination of legal texts produced and citizenship practices pursued in the years between 1918 and 1924, I argue that the Turkish nationhood was exclusive and discriminatory both theoretically and practically, on paper as well as in practice, both at the time of the foundation of the republic and once the regime had become consolidated.     

Who Chooses STEM Careers? Using A Relative Cognitive Strength and Interest Model to Predict Careers in Science,Technology, Engineering,and Mathematics

Career aspirations in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) are formulated in adolescence, making the high school years a critical time period for identifying the cognitive and motivational factors that increase the likelihood of future STEM employment. While past research has mainly focused on absolute cognitive ability levels in math and verbal domains, the current study tested whether relative cognitive strengths and interests in math, science, and verbal domains in high school were more accurate predictors of STEM career decisions. Data were drawn from a national longitudinal study in the United States (N?=?1762; 48?% female; the first wave during ninth grade and the last wave at age 33). Results revealed that in the high-verbal/high-math/high-science ability group, individuals with higher science task values and lower orientation toward altruism were more likely to select STEM occupations. In the low-verbal/moderate-math/moderate-science ability group, individuals with higher math ability and higher math task values were more likely to select STEM occupations. The findings suggest that youth with asymmetrical cognitive ability profiles are more likely to select careers that utilize their cognitive strengths rather than their weaknesses, while symmetrical cognitive ability profiles may grant youth more flexibility in their options, allowing their interests and values to guide their career decisions.     

大陆地区台湾研究发展脉络视角下的《台湾研究》学术影响力评价——基于CNKI、CSSCI与《人大复印报刊资料》的统计分析

本文基于CNKI、CSSCI与《人大复印报刊资料》提供的数据,从载文特点、被引特征、影响因子、网络传播趋势、共被引网络和关键词共现网络等方面,分析了《台湾研究》的学术影响力。结果表明：《台湾研究》在大陆地区台湾研究发展进程中具有重要的学术地位和影响力。