Simultaneous analysis of d-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan and l-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan by high pressure liquid chromatography equipped with PDA

d-3-Methoxy-17-methylmorphinan (Dextromethorphan, DXM), which is a structural analog of morphine and codeine, has been widely used as a non-narcotic antitussive agent. It is a safe drug in therapeutic dose and does not produce analgesic effects, while its enantiomer, l-3-methoxy-17-methylmorphinan called levomethorphan (LXM) is a potent narcotic analgesic. DXM has been widely abused in Korea due to its hallucinogenic effect in large doses; therefore, the health authorities have regulated its use as a psychotropic agent since 2003. As its abuse has been serious, a possibility that DXM would be smuggled into Korea has also increased. Moreover, it has been suspected that there was the possibility of the adulteration or substitution of DXM with LXM due to their chemical similarities. Therefore, it was necessary for us to establish the enantiomeric separation of DXM and LXM. In this study, a liquid chromatographic method using a chiral column capable of separating stereoisomers of DXM as well as analyzing the major metabolites of DXM, 3-methoxymorphinan, 3-hydroxymorphinan, and 17-hydroxymethylmorphinan was developed. The validation of a method was studied through repeatability of retention times. Using this method, 32 confiscated DXM samples were analyzed to identify the enantiomers of DXM. As a result, DXM was detected in all samples and there was no evidence of the adulteration or substitution of DXM with LXM. Nevertheless, the stereochemical analysis of DXM and LXM is important not only to identify starting materials for illegal drug manufacture but also to understand the trends of abused drugs.     

大鼠急性心肌缺血动物实验模型的改进

目的改进大鼠急性心肌缺血动物实验模型时,提高手术的成功率和动物成活率。方法比较传统方法与改进方法动物试验的成功率。结果传统方法成功率只有60%,改进方法成功率达到90%以上。结论改进后的方法能大大降低手术难度,减少实验费用,优于传统方法。     

构建新时期高校心理健康教育的有效体系

要提高高校心理健康教育的实效性,有必要从统一思想,明确教育内容和教育对象“两个重点”,机构、人员、投入“三个到位”,心理咨询、心理测试、环境介入、社会实践“四条途径”,坚持必修课与选修课、教育与自我教育、加强心理关怀与解决实际问题、学校教育与家庭配合、目标管理与工作创新“五个结合”等方面构建新时期高校心理健康教育的有效性体系。     

公路建设PFI模式与政府职能重理--从BOT到PFI的探析

自上而下的、国家主导型的公共产品供给体系如何向自下而上的、民间主导的、低成本高质量的公共产品供给体制转换?PFI(Private Finance Initiative)是这一转换的制度路径.本文从PFI的风险分担机制、重视结果的奖惩机制和竞争激励机制等三个层面出发,对现行公路建设的BOT(Build Openrate Transfer)模式进行了比较分析.在中国,BOT模式的运用并不意味着低成本高质量的公共产品供给体系的自然形成.公共部门的职能重理,政府与民间的"协业",PFI展示了公共产品供给体系的制度创新.     

血液和脑脊液中利多卡因的气相色谱-质谱检测研究

目的建立血液和脑脊液中利多卡因的气相色谱-质谱联用定性、定量检测方法。方法血液或脑脊液盐酸酸化后,氢氧化钠碱化(pH=9),乙醚提取,氮气流下挥干,乙醇定容,气相色谱-质谱联用仪分析,选择离子监测模式检测(86,58,72,87),定性、定量检测血液和脑脊液中利多卡因。结果血液和脑脊液中利多卡因的线性范围为1.0～60.0μg·mL-1(r=0.9999),检出限为0.02μg·mL-1(S/N=3),加样回收率为85%～103%,麻醉致死犬血液和脑脊液中检出利多卡因,结果满意。结论该法选择性好,干扰少,灵敏,准确,可用于生物体液中利多卡因的定性和定量检测。     

谈谈运用"银行凭据"办理贿赂犯罪案件

检察机关查办贪污贿赂案件的难度越来越大,特别是涉嫌行、受贿犯罪的案件往往是只有"一对一"的口供,很难形成牢固的证据锁链.怎样克服,怎样解决,怎样找到突破口一直以来都是从事此项工作的检察官们所思考的问题.本文对行受贿犯罪中,最有影响的大额行受贿犯罪初查情况,进行了分析并对银行凭据的使用做了具体得分析.一、目前大额贿赂案件要加大初查的分量.二、企业和经营者作为大额贿赂的行为主体,他的行贿目的是为了自己或自己企业巨额贿赂投资的回报,行贿是其企业经营活动的一个步骤.三、揭露贿赂犯罪首先要了解行贿企业的经营活动,了解企业和经营者的经营活动初查阶段最秘密的方法可通过银行凭据.四、银行凭据怎样取得.五、银行凭据属于证据学里面的间接证据.可以丰富"一对一"大额贿赂案件的证据锁链.     

社会主义新农村建设:从奋斗目标到行动纲领

“社会主义新农村建设”曾经在20世纪80年代作为奋斗目标提出来过,中央当前重提,是对以往农业和农村政策的延续和发展,是在工业反哺农业的新时期制定的统领“三农”工作的行动纲领,是新阶段“三农”工作的总抓手,它代表了我国“三农”工作思路的转变。