Responsibility Determination: Free Will and Legal Responsibility in the Age of Artificial Intelligence

Free will is the foundation of determination of responsibility. Genetic enginnering represented by technologies of gene editing, artificial medical devices and AI have fundamentally challenged the concept of free will and so have significantly influenced determination of legal responsibility. These challenges are fundamental, not instrumental, and can be divided into two aspects in legal philosophy. First, the direct challenge, that is, the emerging technology represented by genetic engineering and artificial narrow intelligence (ANI) has challenged the concept of free will. Second the would-be ultimate challenge, that is, presented by an artificial general intelligence (AGI) agent that is considered to reach humanlevel free will, can be a legal subject, thus taking full legal responsibility. The direct challenge constitutes a new “forgiveness” condition for taking responsibility. The would-be ultimate challenge deserves significant attention, because the concept of free will is not only about human responsibility, but also about human dignity.     

美国传媒控制的目的、方式和特点

舆论传媒在现代社会中的作用越来越重要,现代西方国家一直在探索宪政民主条件下的传媒控制。美国政府对传媒控制的主要目的是服务和服从于国家利益和国家安全,维护社会公共利益,营造有利于决策实施的氛围,操纵民意、影响选举。美国政府依据其传媒控制的目的,建构了控制传媒的体系,并形成了一系列控制传媒的特点。     

美国司法审查制度权力制衡片论

近代司法审查制度起源于美国,其理论基础为洛克与孟德斯鸠的分权思想,以及汉密尔顿等联邦党人的宪政思想,但该制度在1803年联邦最高法院审理的“马伯里诉麦迪逊”案之后才正式建立。在以后的200余年里,美国最高法院的司法审查权对维护美国宪法权威,制衡立法权和行政权起到了积极作用。     

市域社会治理中基层政府与公众协作机制研究——以杭州市余杭区为例

余杭区作为杭州市域范围内基层社会治理的主战场之一,社会力量参与社会治理成为突破市域社会治理传统瓶颈的关键。基于基层政府与公众协作在余杭区社会治理中的实践探索,健全党建统领工作机制、建立社会协作沟通机制、完善社会力量参与机制、优化"政社互动"机制、创新线上协同治理机制、强化队伍建设培育机制等,应该成为未来市域社会治理中基层政府与公众协作的实现路径。     

涉众型经济犯罪案件 追缴与退赔执行的困境及对策

涉众型经济犯罪的复杂性、特殊性决定了其判后追缴、退赔工作的难度,在"重人身、轻财产"的刑事司法理念影响下,涉案财产的性质与权属不明、查控与保全滞后、裁判主文表述不明等问题都未能给判后执行创造良好的基础和条件,且容易造成审判与执行的脱节。对此,应及早保全涉案财物并妥善保管,构建正当的审理程序,落实实体审理内容并规范制作裁判文书,为后续执行奠定正当性的实体基础和物质基础。     

They are from within us: CVE brokerage in South-central Somalia

ABSTRACT

This article explores how societal actors in Somalia take part in a transnational politics of countering/preventing violent extremism (CVE/PVE) through a political sociological approach to militarisation. We argue that the transnational politics of CVE represents an extension of global militarism by some states, institutions, donors and brokers. CVE works to adapt global militarism and to reconfigure the global-local relationships that sustain it. We explore the roles and influence of local ‘CVE brokers’ in deradicalisation efforts in South-central Somalia. They inadvertently merge the counter-terrorism approach to Somali people, values and territory with non-military means. We show that their key practices – co-ordination, translation and alignment – advance, but also disrupt, alter and transform CVE policy objectives.     

吉林省参与图们江区域国际合作开发的问题与对策

以多国合作为特征的图们江区域经济合作开发项目近几年有了实质性的进展,各成员国加强了务实开发的力度。中朝“路港区”工程、中俄“路港关”工程、中蒙“两山”工程等开始启动,并有了一个较好的开端。但对于吉林省来讲,当前又遇到了对外通道未能真正顺利打开、跨国边境经济合作区没有形成完整的互动机制、市场贸易主体也未得到真正确立等问题。为此应加快推进图们江区域国际经济合作。     

文化的复归——新文化体制改革解读

2006年1月,中共中央、国务院发出《中共中央、国务院关于深化文化体制改革的若干意见》,新一轮文化体制改革步入正轨。社会主义建设进入第十一个五年规划,文化在综合国力中的作用日益突出,为了社会文化的进一步发展,为给中华文化的再次复兴注入活力,文化体制改革迫在眉睫。     

我国公务员道德建设现状调查

公务员应当是道德的先行者,其德行操守对整个社会的精神文明建设起到至关重要的作用。本调查分析了我国公务员道德建设的现状,并提出了相关建议。建议包括:创新道德知识开发方法,加大政府信息公开力度,将平衡记分卡引入道德评价体系等。