寄生虫microRNA的研究方法

对目前寄生虫microRNA(miRNA)的研究方法,包括经典遗传学方法、分子生物学方法、高通量测序与生物信息学方法进行了综述,分析了各种研究方法的优缺点和未来的研究趋势,旨在为进一步研究寄生虫miRNA提供参考.     

结核分枝杆菌与牛分枝杆菌PCR快速鉴别检测方法的建立

根据结核分枝杆菌与牛分枝杆菌基因组的比对分析结果,针对结核分枝杆菌与牛分枝杆菌153bp、RD10和TbD1的3处差异缺失区域设计引物,分别建立了结核分枝杆菌与牛分枝杆菌PCR快速鉴别检测方法.应用建立的3种方法分别对84株结核分枝杆菌、3株牛分枝杆菌、51株非结核分枝杆菌及9种其他常见菌株进行了检测.结果显示,用针对153 bp缺失片段建立的PCR方法分别在结核分枝杆菌及牛分枝杆菌中扩增出645 bp及492 bp的目的条带;用针对RD10、TbD1建立的PCR方法分别在结核分枝杆菌及牛分枝杆菌中扩增出478 bp及361 bp的目的条带、358 bp及524 bp的目的条带.这3种PCR检测方法的准确率和特异性均为100%.敏感性试验结果显示,这些检测方法对结核分枝杆菌和牛分枝杆菌基因组DNA的检测极限均为10 pg.表明,此方法可用于牛源或人源结核分枝杆菌及牛分枝杆菌的快速鉴别检测.     

体系、社会和国家:理解《美韩自由贸易协定》

2007年6月,美韩双方签署了《美韩自由贸易协定》。美韩之间为什么要签署该协定?该协定对两国国内分别产生了哪些影响?该协定为何至今没能获得美国国会的通过?针对上述问题,本文结合美国贸易政策理论,从体系、国家和社会三个层面对其进行了分析。《美韩自由贸易协定》的签署及其实施,在体系层面上将会为双方带来经济、政治和战略上的多重收益,而在社会层面上却产生了不同的反应。尽管由于国内经济困难和利益集团的掣制使得协定的通过还面临不小的阻力,但基于协定所蕴含的重要价值和两国政府对此认识的高度一致,协定获得通过只是时间上的问题。     

论地区与国家的相互塑造

本文以地区而不是传统上占主导地位的国际体系作为理解和解释国际政治与国家行为的概念基础,构建起一个地区与国家相互塑造的分析框架。透过这个框架,可以解释:地区对国家的地位与权力、认同与观念、政策与行为的塑造;与此同时,国家的相对权力及其变化、观念和政策及其转变还对地区体系和制度秩序的形成产生一定影响。从动态的角度来看,地区与融入其中的国家处于相互塑造的过程中。彼此从对方那里吸取不同的元素,并以不同的方式相互进行重塑和改造。地区与国家之间存在基于过程选择的互动关系,它为理解改革开放以来中国外交政策的调整以及与亚太周边地区变化中的新关系提供了理论视角。     

东亚-北美经济失衡与再平衡分析

本文从国别结构和产品结构分析了20世纪90年代以来东亚—北美经济失衡的变化,认为美国贸易逆差不断扩大是其对外产业转移的结果,东亚地区贸易顺差与日俱增是其承接产业转移的结果。其中,东亚内部再次产业转移导致中国顺差迅速膨胀。为了实现东亚—北美经济再平衡,美国需要采取一些措施扩大出口,控制过度的信贷消费,并对美元采取更加负责的政策;东亚地区需要努力实现由外需驱动型向内需驱动型增长方式的转变,加快产业调整与升级,并把产业链向其他地区延伸。     

气-质联用法（EI．PCI．NCI）在系统毒物分析中的应用

本文应用电子轰击质谱(EI),正、负化学电离质谱(PCI.NCI)技术,建立了315种常见毒,药物的气一质联用系统分析方法。并建立了 EIMS、PCIMS、NCIMS 质谱图谱库。司法鉴定实践表明使用气相保留指数,特征碎片和 EI、PCI、NCI 图谱库检索等多指标的系统分析方法,是未知物鉴定的强有力的工具。     

中国特色社会主义制度优势生成的理论逻辑探析

中国特色社会主义制度优势的理论生成机理在于:制度的目标逻辑上,坚持崇高性与现实性的统一;制度的理念逻辑上,坚持人民性与公正性的统一;制度的创设逻辑上,坚持原则性与具体性的统一;制度的变革逻辑上,坚持绝对性与相对性的统一。中国特色社会主义制度形态由于坚守科学社会主义基本原则而具备社会主义制度的固有优势,又在体现为社会主义制度自我完善性的"守正创新"中生发出新的多重优势。     

Postmortem Analysis of Electrogram Records from an Implantable Cardioverter‐Defibrillator (ICD) in the Reconstruction of a Road Traffic Accident

The case of a 69‐year‐old man, equipped with an ICD and suffering from several chronic cardiac diseases, who died in a car accident, was presented. We analyzed electrogram records from the ICD explanted from the body during the autopsy, which showed that the driver had suffered from malignant ventricular arrhythmia—ventricular fibrillation (VF). A thorough analysis of the details of the accident, as well as the timing of VF and the rhythm observed after the discharge of the ICD showed that the direct cause of the accident was the episode of arrhythmia resulting in a loss of consciousness. Therefore, the presented case illustrates the usefulness of postmortem analysis of electrogram records from ICDs in the reconstruction of road traffic accidents. In such cases, if the victims are implanted with ICDs, it should be a routine procedure performed by forensic pathologists.     

Comparing the access conditions for minimum income support in four EU member states for national,EU and non-EU citizens

This research analyses the conditions imposed on national, EU and non-EU citizens who wish to access minimum income (MI) benefits within four EU Member States, specifically within Finland, France, Ireland and Spain. The primary aim is to identify and compare the required MI access conditions. Furthermore, focus is given to the residence requisites, which are discussed in relation to relevant supranational regulations in order to detect possible multilevel implications. The paper concludes with the identification of different MI conditions, such as stricter age requisites in France and Spain. Moreover, the study of national cases allows for consideration of how the EU social protection floor works at the national level. In this regard, the restrictions that affect EU/EEA migrant jobseekers and economically inactive population groups who wish to access MI in Finland, France and Ireland show the limits of the EU minimum social assistance floor, only recognised for EU/EEA migrant workers. Finally, implications arise according to human rights instruments such as the European Social Charter, which demands that social assistance shall not be confined to nationals or to certain categories of foreigners, allowing for comparison between the different personal scopes of the equal treatment principle required by the distinct supranational levels.     

Analyzing and Interpreting Lime Burials from the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939): A Case Study from La Carcavilla Cemetery

Over 500 victims of the Spanish Civil War (1936–1939) were buried in the cemetery of La Carcavilla (Palencia, Spain). White material, observed in several burials, was analyzed with Raman spectroscopy and powder XRD, and confirmed to be lime. Archaeological findings at La Carcavilla's cemetery show that the application of lime was used in an organized way, mostly associated with coffinless interments of victims of Francoist repression. In burials with a lime cast, observations made it possible to draw conclusions regarding the presence of soft tissue at the moment of deposition, the sequence of events, and the presence of clothing and other evidence. This study illustrates the importance of analyzing a burial within the depositional environment and taphonomic context.