第二届法律职业高层论坛——“构建和谐社会与法律服务体制改革”研讨会综述

2007年5月26日,为促进社会主义和谐社会建设,推动法律服务体制改革和完善,加强律师职业道德和执业规范研究,中国社会科学院法学研究所举办了主题为“构建和谐社会与法律服务体制改革”的第二届法律职业高层论坛。来自全国人大法工委、最高人民法院、最高人民检察院、司法部、团     

中国古代悯囚制度考略

悯囚制度作为中国古代监狱制度的组成部分,在古代行刑和狱政管理过程中占有重要地位。以儒家德治思想为指导的恤刑悯囚思想贯穿于中国古代的监狱司法实践,并形成了独具特色的悯囚文化,产生了深远的影响。传统悯囚文化尤其是许多有中国特色的制度对当前的监狱改革和现代化文明监狱建设有着重要的启示意义和借鉴价值。     

论国有企业与国家豁免原则

国家豁免是国际法中一个古老的问题 ,但随着国家政府经济职能的扩展及国家在涉外贸易中地位的不断增强 ,国家豁免原则被赋予新的内容 ,其理论与实践也显现出分歧与新的发展动向。联合国国际法委员会自 1978年开始着手起草《国家及其财产管辖豁免公约》 ,历经二十余年取得不少阶段性成果 ,但目前仍存在若干悬而未决的问题。其中 ,国有企业与国家豁免原则的关系一直是各国普遍关注与争议的焦点问题 ,也是我国代表最关心的问题之一。本文就与此相关的三大基本问题结合我国实际进行分析评述 ,以期对我国在该领域的理论探索与实践应对有所裨益     

血中碳氧血红蛋白饱和度测定影响因素的研究

目的 考察血中碳氧血红蛋白饱和度(HbCO％)测定的影响因素,为其结果评定和所需样品保存条件提供实验依据。方法 利用三种分光光度法,测定30d内不同条件下保存的CO阳性血的HbCO％的变化。结果 还原双波长法、双波长法测定结果比较稳定,单波长法抗干扰能力较差;尸检所取血样的保存条件包括温度、保存时间及与空气接触程度对HbCO％的测定均有影响,其中温度影响较为显著。结论 利用还原双波长法与双波长法,并结合光谱扫描观察峰形变化可得到比较可靠的结果。30d内4℃条件下,密闭容器中血样接触少量空气不影响其HbCO％的测定。     

安徽高院审理软件著作权侵权纠纷司法实践

由于软件著作权本身的专业性,加之相关法律、法规的笼统、原则或者缺失,且鲜有成熟的案例可资借鉴,理论研究也相当薄弱,因此,软件著作权侵权纠纷案件的司法实践不免面对着诸多难点。近年来,安徽省法院审理了一批软件著作权侵权纠纷案件。实体方面,采取“创作主义”     

Transcending the dilemma of “public interest”

This paper discusses the evolution and recent trends in the development of the constitutional concept of “public use” in the case-law history of the United States starting from the source of US government’s taking powers and the original meaning of the Taking Clause in the Fifth Amendment of the United States Constitution. Since the concepts of “public use” and “public interest” are extremely difficult to be defined, it is very hard for the US courts to develop a relevant operative criterion. In the United States, the safeguard of “public interest” in taking mainly lies legislative rather than judicial control. In a democratic society, legislative judgment is highly respected by the courts and the entire takeovers that conform to public use as determined by the Congress are usually deemed constitutional. In this sense, the Congress is a “public interest machine”, which automatically generates laws and decisions on behalf of public interests through the democratic representative process. The paper eventually suggests that China should divert its attention from the theoretical definition of “public interest” to institutional construction, and should make the National and Local People’s Congresses and their standing committees to play major roles in deciding taking and compensation schemes. __________ Translated from Zhongguo Faxue 中国法学 (China Law), 2005, (5): 36–45     

论植物人的法律人格及权利行使和保护

Although human vegetables lose their capacities of will and do not have the intrinsic attribute of civil subjects, they still have legal personalities and the status of civil subjects. The law has not provided for defects of their legal personalities, and thus civil law shall include human vegetables as objects of guardianship. The system of adult guardianship shall be constructed to supplement and correct the legal personalities of human vegetables. When human vegetables enter into a permanent vegetative state or state of brain death, law may declare the termination of legal personalities of the human vegetable. Due to the unique life state and capacity of act of human vegetables, the exercise of their civil rights faces a series of legal difficulties and challenges, mainly involving important issues such as the right of treatment for life rescue, marital right and reproductive right. The civil law shall ensure that the civil right of human vegetables can be fully enjoyed and effectively protected. Zhang Li, associate professor in civil and business law at Fujian Normal University, and also an invited researcher on civil law, international economic law and international private law, co-operated with Law School of Renmin University of China. Till now, she’s already released 23 theses in law journals and a monograph of the Survey of International Private Law. In addition, she was a member in doing studies (2006) on the legislation of Chinese tort law and presides over the researching (2007) of the legal personality and rights of disabled persons.     

关于规范警务用枪的思考

警务用枪是法律赋予人民警察用来威慑与惩治违法犯罪的有力武器。警务用枪不仅关系到执法民警的自身安危,还关系到公安机关的执法形象和法律权威。目前,我国的警务用枪的现状还并不尽如人意。针对其中所存在的问题,应采取相关整改措施,力争早日规范警务用枪。     

行政违反加重犯初探

行政违反加重犯,是指以"行政违反+加重要素"为构造的犯罪;行政违反加重犯的实行行为与犯罪结果,应当根据刑法原理与刑法分则条文的保护法益予以确定和判断;司法解释为了限制处罚范围所附加的定罪条件,不是行政违反加重犯的构成要件要素;不能根据行政违反的过错形式确定行政违反加重犯的罪过形式;行政违反加重犯的成立,不要求行为人现实地认识到行为的违法性,但要求行为人具有违法性认识的可能性;行政许可既可能是阻却构成要件符合性的事由,也可能是阻却违法性的事由;对于使用欺骗等不正当手段获得行政许可的,应根据行政许可的性质判断是否阻却犯罪的成立;对行政违反加重犯的处罚,不得违反禁止双重危险的原则。     

论劳务派遣中的雇主责任

劳务派遣是我国近年来发展较快的一种用工形式,其雇用与使用相分离的特点,给建立在传统雇用劳动关系基础上的雇主责任规则带来了冲击.现有雇主责任规则在劳务派遣适用中存在难题,建议我国在侵权责任法的制定中,对于劳务派遣中的雇主责任规则规定如下:派遣职员在职务活动中的侵权行为,应由用工单位承担无过错责任,派遣单位承担选任方面的过错推定责任.