Induction of hypoxia-inducible factor-1alpha in two kinds of rats asphyxiation death models

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the expression of hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha (HIF1-alpha) in the heart, lung, liver and kidney in rats died of two typical models of asphyxia. METHODS: Two asphyxia models were made and tissue samples of the dead rats were collected from different groups at various postmortem duration. The expression and the changes of HIF1-alpha in various tissues were examined by immunohistochemistry and image analysis techniques. Results Significant expression of HIF1-alpha was observed in the myocardial fibers, kidney cells, liver cells and lung cells in both asphyxia models, but not in the control group. The expression of HIF1-alpha in various tissues in the rat died of nitrogen gas breathing was found in the nuclei at 0 hour and the expression level decreased gradually thereafter. The HIF1-alpha expression level and duration in various tissues of the rat died of hanging were higher and longer than that of the former group, with a peak of the expression level observed 6 hours after death, and then started to decline in all tissues except the heart where the expression still showed an increase 24 hours after death. The control groups showed a steady expression in the cytoplasm but not in the nuclei. CONCLUSION: HIF1-alpha appears to be a valuable biomarker in the diagnosis of asphyxia within 24 hours after death.     

完善网络服务商间接责任制度的思考

分析了我国现行的有关网络版权间接侵权立法中存在的问题,并结合发达国家的成熟经验和我国实际,从间接责任的主观要件的认定、立法体例的设计等方面,对相关法律法规提出了修改完善的建议.     

知识产权滥用的概念、表现和规制措施

考察了知识产权滥用在西方国家法律中的含义、表现和规制措施.从各国来看,知识产权滥用主要表现为权利人的种种拒绝许可其知识产权的行为或者限制他人利用其知识产权的行为,从而导致了对市场竞争的限制或者对技术转移的阻碍.分析了各国规制知识产权滥用的措施主要是颁发专利强制许可、反垄断法的制裁措施、知识产权滥用作为侵权抗辩理由以及宣布许可合同中的限制性条款无效等.     

公务员精神培育的伦理路径：角色把握、职责担当、合作定位

公务员精神具有明显的时代性,在建设和谐社会的今天,公务员精神作为公务员的价值信念,指引、评价和规范公务员的行为,体现着公共行政的精神和行政文化的价值观。通过角色期待、角色领悟和角色实践,公务员可以准确把握其角色的特殊性内涵,理解公共管理的多元性、政治性以及公共性这些特质。社会角色赋予了角色承担者特殊的社会关系,这种社会关系往往通过职责体现,包括责任和义务,担当职责是角色的必然要求。公务员要出色地完成其职责,合作是最好的选择甚至可以说是唯一的选择。沿着角色把握、职责担当、合作定位这一伦理路径,公务员精神的公共性、正义性、廉洁性才能得以实现。     

立法解释的疑问——以刑法立法解释为中心

真正意义上的立法解释,是指在刑法施行过程中,立法机关对发生歧义的规定所作的解释.但是,这种立法解释不符合法治原则的要求,不符合罪刑法定原则,不符合解释的必要性,不符合客观解释目标,也不是发现法律真实含义的有效途径.     

China's Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Law: the law and the philosophy

The present study introduces and discusses the Juvenile Delinquency Prevention Law of the People's Republic of China. The law was promulgated in the context of Chinese socioeconomic reforms and legal reforms in response to the rising delinquency since the early 1980s. The study explains the social and political background of the law with respect to the patterns of delinquency in China. The law has several main features that reflect the Chinese philosophical underpinnings of crime prevention and control, and the study discusses the connection between the law and the traditional Chinese philosophy and thinking. Finally, the study discusses the challenges to the enforcement of the law in Chinese society, which has lacked a legal tradition in its history.     

清末民事习惯调查与《大清民律草案》的编纂

有关资料表明,在清末制定民法典的过程中,虽然立法者极为重视本国民事习惯并进行了大量的调查工作,但在当时的条件下,难以将本国民事习惯采纳为成文法。从宣统三年完成的《大清民律草案》来看,本国民事习惯几乎没有对编纂民律草案产生直接影响。     

从依法治国看法律监督与社会管理创新

社会管理创新是中国共产党作为执政党在新的历史时期的一项重要工作,也是进一步贯彻落实依法治国基本方略的内在要求。在社会主义法律体系初步形成的背景下,改革现有社会管理模式、创造新的社会管理模式,难点在于革除现有的以行政权力为主导的社会管理模式的若干积弊,遏制权力运行不受法律制约的现象;重点在于加强和完善法律监督的力度,尤其是加强和完善检察机关的检察监督职责。在创新社会管理的过程中,既要认识到法律监督的重要保障作用,也要认识到法律监督作为社会管理有机组成部分的重要地位,从外部保障和内部效用两方面不断探索和完善法律监督工作,促进社会管理创新取得实效。     

论我国电影作品著作权的归属

从世界范围来看,电影作品著作权的归属主要有两种立法例,一种是创作者立法例,另一种是制片者立法例。结合我国的著作权制度和法律传统,比较两种立法例的优劣,我国在第三次修订《著作权法》时,应该采纳创作者立法例,规定电影作品的作者享有著作权,制片者通过与作者签订合同获得电影作品的独占使用许可权。