网络环境下版权保护体系的构筑

网络环境下如何构筑版权保护体系是网络时代迫切需要解决的问题,笔者认为应当从法律实现和社会实现两个角度来实现对版权保护,并提出了一些具体的想法。     

外来务工青年参与和谐社会建设途径探讨

改革开放以来,随着我国工业化、城镇化进程的加快,大量外来务工青年涌入城市,在城市就业、生活。深入研究和探讨外来务工青年参与社会主义和谐社会建设的途径,对于进一步深入认识社会主义初级阶段实际、特别是我国经济社会转型期的特点,对于全面建设小康社会、特别是构建社会主义和谐社会,对于创新科学社会主义理论与实践、特别是创新中国特色社会主义理论和实践,都具有重大的理论意义和现实意义。     

十六大以来中国特色社会主义建设快速稳步发展的主要经验及启示

十六大以来中国特色社会主义快速稳步发展的主要经验包括:一是以理论创新为牵引;二是以加强执政能力和先进性建设作为党的建设的重中之重;三是以深化改革、扩大开放为动力;四是以民生为根本。它们为中国特色社会主义快速稳定发展提供了新的理论指导,有力的政治保障,良好的环境支持,新的力量之源。快速稳步发展的启示是:中国特色社会主义道路是一条民族振兴和人民幸福的成功之路、胜利之路;中国特色社会主义在新世纪要大发展,必须全面贯彻和落实科学发展观;中国特色社会主义的内涵与整体形象,在实践中已经显露出美好的发展前景。     

Analysis of Δ-tetrahydrocannabinol in oral fluid samples using solid-phase extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography–electrospray ionization mass spectrometry

An analytical method using solid-phase extraction (SPE) and high-performance liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC–MS) has been developed and validated for the confirmation of Δ⁹-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in oral fluid samples. Oral fluid was extracted using Bond Elut LRC-Certify solid-phase extraction columns (10 cm³, 300 mg) and elution performed with n-hexane/ethyl acetate. Quantitation made use of the selected ion-recording mode (SIR) using the most abundant characteristic ion [THC + H⁺], m/z 315.31 and the fragment ion, m/z 193.13 for confirmation, and m/z 318.00 for the protonated internal standard, [d₃-THC + H⁺]. The method proved to be precise for THC, in terms of both intra-day and inter-day analyses, with coefficients of variation less than 10%, and the calculated extraction efficiencies for THC ranged from 76 to 83%. Calibration standards spiked with THC between 2 and 100 ng/mL showed a linear relationship (r² = 0.999). The method presented was applied to the oral fluid samples taken from the volunteers during the largest music event in Portugal, named Rock in Rio-Lisboa. Oral fluid was collected from 40 persons by expectoration and with Salivette^®. In 55% of the samples obtained by expectorating, THC was detected with concentration ranges from 1033 to 6552 ng/mL and in 45% of cases THC was detected at concentrations between 51 and 937 ng/mL. However, using Salivette^® collection, 26 of the 40 cases had an undetectable THC.     

Comprehensively Advance Reform of the Urban Housing System Opinion. [Summary 1991

On 31 December 1991, the Chinese State Council Housing System Reform Leading Group announced this Opinion, setting out targets, principles, and policies for the reform of the system of provisional housing in urban areas. Section 1 of the Opinion provides that the long-term goal of reform is to convert the distribution of housing from a system based on welfare allocation to one based on commodity exchange either by purchase or rental. Section 2 sets the following targets for reform: a) within the period of the Eighth Five-Year Plan, the system will be converted from one of low rent to one in which the calculation of rent will be based on cost of upkeep, administration costs, and depreciation; b) by 2000, the calculation of rent will be based on the above factors, as well as interest on investment and property taxes; and c) in the long term, the calculation of rent will be based on all of the above factors, as well as land rent, insurance premiums, and profit. Section 4 deals with policies for managing various problems such as rent increases and subsidies, sales of housing, financing for housing, the system of investment in and construction of housing, and administration of housing. This Section provides that a three-level housing investment fund based on municipalities, work units, and individuals will be established.