Das französische literarische Feld: Struktur,Dynamik und Formen der Politisierung

Der vorliegende Artikel stellt — ausgehend von der Feldtheorie Pierre Bourdieus und von empirischen Studien zu französischen Schriftstellern — die Prinzipien der Strukturierung des französischen literarischen Feldes vom Ende des 19. Jahrhunderts bis zum Beginn der 1970er Jahre vor. Das französische literarische Feld strukturiert sich um zwei grundsätzliche Gegensätze: ?Herrschende“ versus ?Beherrschte“ und ?Autonomie“ versus ?Heteronomie“. Die kreuzweise Anordnung dieser beiden Gegensatzpaare ermöglicht die Differenzierung von vier Idealtypen von Schriftstellern — die ?Notabein“, die ?Ästheten“, die ?Avantgarden“ und die ?populären Schriftsteller“ -, die sich sowohl durch ihre Literaturkonzepte voneinander unterscheiden als auch durch die Soziabilitätsräume, in denen sie zusammenkommen, und durch die Art ihres politischen Engagements. Diese keineswegs starre Struktur prägt die Formen der Auseinandersetzung, die zwischen den verschiedenen Fraktionen über den Erhalt oder die Veränderung der konstitutiven Kräfteverhältnisse im Feld stattfinden. Sie werden im zweiten Teil des Artikels näher dargestellt.     

论对行政立法的监督与控制

应通过加强议会(权力机关)对行政立法的授权与监督、控制立法中的自由裁量权、健 全对行政立法的行政审查,建立全面司法审查制度来进一步强化与完善对行政立法的法律监控。     

The forensic radiographer: a new member in the medicolegal team

Multidetector computed tomography is becoming more widespread in forensic medicine. In most services, autopsy assistants perform the radiological examination. We introduced professional radiographers into the legal medicine service and hypothesized they would also be able to take over duties currently reserved for other specialists. The aims of this study were to evaluate if radiographers could be trained as "forensic radiographers" by (1) integrating graduated medical radiographers into the legal medicine service, (2) investigating the advantages of this collaboration, and (3) defining the duties of the forensic radiographers.The study was performed prospectively on a group of 8 recruited radiographers who underwent a testing period with special training. They learned the basics of medicolegal case treatment, the autonomous execution of postmortem computed tomography angiography, and postprocessing of data. Seven of 8 radiographers finished the training and were integrated into our service. Although all radiographers were able to fulfill the duties demanded after the training period, some radiographers could not enter or complete the program because they were unable to work with dead bodies.Our study presents the advantages of integrating radiographers into the medicolegal team and proposes how to train the forensic radiographers. In addition, the duties and responsibilities of these new specialists are defined.     

Insomnia, nightmare frequency, and nightmare distress in victims of sexual abuse: the role of perceived social support and abuse characteristics

In this study of victims of sexual abuse, the aim was to investigate the role of perceived social support and abuse characteristics in self-reported insomnia, nightmare frequency, and nightmare distress. Four hundred sixty Norwegian victims of sexual abuse completed a questionnaire assessing perceived social support, abuse characteristics, insomnia, nightmare frequency, and nightmare distress. Results show that higher levels of perceived social support were related to lower scores on all symptom outcome measures. Abuse involving oral, genital, or anal penetration was related to more insomnia symptoms. Longer duration of abuse and threatening conducted by the perpetrator were related to higher nightmare frequency, while threats and abuse involving penetration were related to higher degrees of distress associated with nightmares. In conclusion, the present study provides preliminary data indicating that perceived social support may affect the nature of sleep difficulties in sexual abuse victims. Also, more severe forms of sexual abuse are related to higher levels of sleep difficulties.     

Karriereverläufe in der Politikwissenschaft

Ohne Zusammenfassung     

Féminiser les noms de profession dans la langue judiciaire

Résumé  L’évolution de la société se traduit dans le langage. Au Moyen ?ge, notairesse, tutorresse et défenderesse rendaient visibles, dans les textes, l’épouse et la femme agissant dans la société. à notre époque s’emploient des noms, tels infirmière, institutrice et vendeuse, qui ne sont pas neufs. Simultanément, comme la femme accède à des professions réservées aux hommes, s’installent des appellations féminines nouvelles telles que (la) juge, (la) pénaliste, présidente, consœur, avocate, magistrate, huissière, enquêtrice. Au Québec, en Suisse, en Belgique et en France, des textes officiels recommandent la féminisation. Celle-ci suscite les passions parce qu’elle touche aux traditions, au savoir-vivre, aux préjugés, au souci d’égalité et surtout à l’identité de la personne. Même si des raisons culturelles et sociales freinent l’évolution des mentalités, la progression de la féminisation dans l’usage constitue un fait linguistique remarquable.     

Multinational enterprise policies towards international intra-firm technology transfer: The case of Japanese manufacturing firms in Asia

In this paper, we examine Japanese manufacturing firms’policies towards intra-firm technology transfer to subsidiaries located in 10 major countries in Asia. In contrast to other research on the topic, this paper is based on a study ofparent firms and thus examines technology transfer policies more directly. The aims of the paper are to explain what Japanese parent firms understand by technology transfer, and to assess the policy implications of the study. The findings indicate that Japanese parent companies have coherent, systematic and nuanced policies on technology transfer to subsidiaries in developing countries. Three distinct categories of technology (“production/supply chain knowledge”; “human resources systems” and “technology for innovation”) are recognised by firms and policies exist for each category, including whether it will be transferred, the extent of the transfer—and when.