根据双刃刺器刺创口推断刺器宽度

解决根据皮肤创口推断刺器宽度的问题。实验在自愿捐献的12具男性尸体的胸部,用不同宽度和厚度的双刃匕首致创221个。应用法医学、解剖学及数理统计的理论和技术对创口形成机理、影响因素及其与刺器宽度的相关关系进行分析,得出了以下结论：刺器厚度与创口长度无明显相关,刺器宽度与创口长相关,创口回缩程度与创口方向及刺器宽度相关。并建立了两个最优回归方程,提出了一个根据皮肤双刃利器创口推断刺器宽度的方法。     

精神病人凶杀案的作案特征与刑事责任能力问题

探讨精神病人杀人的作案特征与刑事责任能力问题。以精神病人 ( 74例 )与非精神病人 ( 77例 )的案例资料进行对照研究。精神病人杀人具有突发性、公开性、残忍性 ;妄想 ( 4 7 2 % )、幻听 ( 31 3 % )是其促发杀人的主要危险因素 ;犯案以精神分裂症居首位 ( 4 0 5 % ) ,其次是躁狂抑郁症 ( 14 8% )。作案特征与作案动机是精神病人凶杀案刑事责任能力鉴定的重要依据     

大鼠脑细胞DNA含量与死亡时间关系的图像分析

运用计算机图像分析技术 ,对大鼠死后脑细胞DNA的变化进行观测 ,以寻找一种客观、量化的推断早期死亡时间的标准。实验选择 1 5只大鼠。处死后 ,在 2 4h内每隔 1h分别取脑细胞进行细胞学涂片、福尔马林液固定、Feulgen染色、自动图象分析仪测量、统计学处理。结果显示 :大鼠的早期死亡时间与其脑细胞DNA降解速率呈线性关系 ,其中积分光密度 (IOD)、平均灰度 (AG)、异形指数 (ID)提示本法有可能作为精确推断死亡时间 (PMI)的辅助手段。     

4个STR基因座在广东汉族人群的单倍型分布

调查DYS19、DYS390和DYS389Ⅰ/Ⅱ基因座在广东汉族群体的单倍型分布。PCR扩增后,用不连续PAGE电泳系统分型。在130名无关男性个体中,共检出81种不同的单倍型,其中52种只出现过1次。4个基因座单倍型的遗传多样性、个体识别率和非父排除率分别为0.9989,0.9824,0.9824,结果表明,4个STR基因座的单倍型检测在法医学个体识别和亲权鉴定方面有较高的应用价值。     

发达国家网络信息内容治理模式

通过比较分析和实证分析等方法,本文对发达国家网络信息内容安全管理理念与实践演化路径进行了研究。研究结果表明,传统的以机密性、可用性、完整性三要素为核心的信息安全理论已经无法解释越来越复杂的网络信息安全管理问题。网络信息内容本身的社会危害性问题成为传统信息安全管理的悖论。以"9.11"为标志,西方发达国家对网络信息内容的管理理念开始发生重大转变,并初步形成网络信息内容安全管理模式的雏形。文章的研究对于开展中国特色网络信息内容治理理论的研究和管理实践模式的探索具有客观的参考意义。     

Using technology to deliver social protection: exploring opportunities and risks

Providing cash transfers to vulnerable groups reduces vulnerability and chronic poverty; but delivering cash to remote, rural locations can be expensive and insecure. Alternative delivery systems using technology are thus being piloted. This article uses examples from southern Africa to highlight the opportunities and risks involved in using technology to deliver social protection, with particular focus on two schemes in Malawi. It concludes that there is great potential for the use of technology in delivering social protection, especially if employed at a national scale and taking advantage of the full spectrum of uses to ensure cost-efficiency.     

‘Bread and butter’ human rights: NGOs in Fiji

While ‘rights-based’ approaches to development – those in which development and poverty alleviation are viewed through the lens of human rights – have become the language of choice among the international development community, less is known about how human rights are used for development at the local level. Using a case study of Fiji, this research investigates how local NGOs understand and use human rights for development. It demonstrates some of the tensions involved in translating broad and supposedly universal approaches to human rights into local contexts.     

Real-time research: decolonising research practices – or just another spectacle of researcher–practitioner collaboration?

This article examines the experiences and outcomes from collaboration between a group of researchers and a Northern NGO to improve recovery work in Sri Lanka after the 2004 Indian Ocean tsunami disaster. A Real-Time Research methodology was established to follow and intervene in the recovery practices as they took place on the ground. What was learned and achieved through this collaboration is assessed, with particular reference to the relationships between various stakeholders in the collaboration.     

The impact of drought on commercial livestock farmers in South Africa

This article reports on a study that aimed to assess the impact of the 2015 drought in South Africa on commercial livestock producers, with specific reference to the associated drought adoption strategies. The study was based on primary data collected from 350 commercial livestock producers from seven different provinces. The findings revealed that the effect of drought had a significant impact on average herd size, livestock feeding, and sheep flock. Commercial livestock producers did not receive any form of assistance from the government. The majority of the farmers did not have any preventive measures in place during the drought. The study recommends that the government and policymakers should introduce a mechanism to support commercial livestock farmers when drought strikes.     

Reporting Without Knowledge: the Absence of Human Rights in US Journalism Education

Journalists play an important role in the realization and protection of human rights worldwide, framing and shaping the public’s understanding of issues. In the United States, however, studies show that media coverage of human rights is inadequate and frequently inaccurate, with US journalists typically framing human rights as an exclusively international issue. This study helps to explain why this is the case through an examination of the human rights content of journalism education in the United States. Journalism education is dominated by undergraduate programs in the United States, yet data from this study show that human rights education is not part of journalism training programs at the undergraduate level (at the top 10 schools, ranked according to the number of graduates, there are no human rights courses for journalism majors) and is not a focus of most graduate-level training programs. Those schools that do teach human rights do so largely with a focus on events and violations abroad. The fact that journalists are not educated about international human rights law and standards or taught to view events through a human rights lens means that crucial opportunities are missed to frame topics as human rights issues, to inform the public, and to hold governments and other human rights violators accountable.