生态环境损害多元救济机制之衔接研究

围绕着生态环境损害救济,我国构建了多元主体参与、多种路径并存的制度体系,为公共利益提供全面保障的同时,也带来了不同机制之间应如何衔接的难题。衔接规则的缺失会引发不同机制功能重叠、相关主体角色错位、权责不明等诸多问题,严重影响生态环境损害救济制度功效的发挥。因此,建立、健全生态环境损害救济的多维衔接机制是当前我国生态环境保护工作的迫切任务。生态环境损害救济机制的衔接安排本质上是行政权能和司法权能的优化配置问题。基于二者的权限划分与功能定位,结合我国实践和域外经验考察,我国生态环境损害救济机制的衔接安排应当遵循"行政救济优先于司法救济"的基本原则。在具体制度设计层面,通过明确政府索赔权的适用范围,确立行政执法的优先性;通过完善民事公益诉讼启动的前置条件,确立行政救济的优先性;通过完善具体的诉讼程序规则,确立"先行后民"的检察公益诉讼衔接模式。     

Bullying in Context: An Analysis of Psychosomatic Complaints Among Adolescents in Stockholm

Using multilevel modeling, this study examined how different types of bullying, involving both peers and teachers, relate to psychosomatic health complaints. Data were obtained via the Stockholm School Survey from 41,032 ninth- and eleventh-grade students in the years 2004, 2006, 2008, and 2010. Results showed that students involved in bullying as either a bully, a victim, or both a bully and a victim displayed poorer psychosomatic health than those not involved in bullying. Victims of peer-bullying also reported significantly poorer health than perpetrators. Two class-aggregated measures of bullying remained positively associated with ninth-grade student health complaints even when their individual-level analogues were taken into account. Thus, both the proportion of victims of teacher-bullying and peer-bullying in the school class appeared to generate health problems that go beyond the directly exposed students. However, an interaction revealed that the latter association was confined to female students only.     

鸡白细胞介素-17基因的克隆和序列分析

根据GenBank中收录的鸡白细胞介素-17(ChIL-17)基因的cDNA序列设计了1对特异性引物,以经ConA刺激3h的鸡脾淋巴细胞总RNA为模板,用RT-PCR方法成功克隆了ChIL-17的cDNA。该cDNA全长725bp,其中第2~508位是该基因的阅读框(ORF),共编码169个氨基酸。与已报道的序列相比较,二者核苷酸序列的同源性为99.6%(722/725),共有3个碱基发生变异,其中有2个变异位于阅读框之内。DNAssit软件分析表明,二者推导的氨基酸序列同源性为100%。同时,以鸡脾淋巴细胞DNA为模板,用PCR方法首次扩增获得了ChIL-17的基因组DNA序列,经序列分析,其序列全长1934bp,由2个内含子和3个外显子组成,3个外显子分别位于第2~27、569~815和1484~1720bp处。     

恢复性正义:当代刑事政策的新理念

整个刑事政策的历史以及现代各国刑事政策的主流,都是以报应性正义为指导的,而现代各国犯罪率特别是再犯率居高不下,使人不能不对报应性正义指导下的刑事政策产生怀疑,在此背景下,人们开始将目光投向一种新的正义目标:恢复性正义,并以各种方式去实践。     

论权利滥用的界限——一个实证的分析

当今时代是一个走向权利的时代,在实践中权利滥用现象愈来愈突出,对权利滥用的界限,即权利行使的时间、地点、场合、程度、对象、方式、程序、目的等方面是否正当,通过具体事例予以分析,以进一步明晰权利滥用的界限.     

关于实现我国社会和谐的几个问题

在构建社会主义和谐社会过程中必须科学把握发展与公平的双重内涵及其辩证关系。小康大众将是我国走向现代化的较长历史过程中必须存在的、十分庞大的、举足轻重的一个阶层。要通过努力实现小康大众和中等收入者阶层的稳定而巩固的联盟,打造共产党执政的新的阶层基础。现代社会的阶层和谐,归根结底取决于经济的发展和社会的进步;同时,社会价值观的科学而合理的解构和建构也具有重要作用。     

基于旅游产业视角的文化变迁主源构成及其解读——以纳西族集聚地丽江市为例

相互交织在一起的多重文化构成了极其复杂的变迁合力,成为丽江文化变迁的推动力.从旅游产业角度把引起文化变迁的主源因素剥离出来,有助于准确地认识引起旅游产业文化变迁的多重性原因.     

Turkey’s struggle with the PKK and civilian control over the Turkish Armed Forces

Although most scholars of Turkey’s civil-military relations argue that the Kurdistan Workers’ Party (PKK) insurgency has led to a decrease in civilian control over the Turkish military from the 1980s onwards, this has not always been the case. This article argues that the presence or the degree of the PKK threat is not sufficient to explain the civil-military balance of power in Turkey throughout the 1980s and the 1990s. Instead, the article shows that in the face of the PKK threat, three major factors have influenced the behaviours of both civilian and military policy-makers in Turkey and shaped the level of civilian control. These factors are first, the Turkish political leaders’ control over their political parties and these parties’ control of a majority of seats in the parliament; second, how negatively or positively the military perceives the political leadership; and third, European Union pressures for democratisation.