Austerity is Strangling Europe

Because they have failed to address the fundamental economic imbalances within Europe obscured by the single currency, each effort by European leaders so far to resolve the euro crisis has only deepened it. Without a decisive move toward fiscal and political union, accompanied by policies that push productivity and competitiveness toward convergence while closing the democratic deficit, the Eurozone will disintegrate. To discuss the way forward, the Nicolas Berggruen Institute's Council on the Future of Europe met in Rome on May 28 with Italian Prime Minister Mario Monti. In this section we publish the contributions from that meeting by the former European leaders, scholars and Nobel laureates who are members of the Council.     

Exposure to School Bullying and Psychological Health in Young Adulthood: A Prospective 10-Year Follow-Up Study

Being bullied at school is strongly related to psychological health complaints at the same time point. Studies have also found long-term associations, but few have combined a prospective design with children’s own reports on bullying, and conducted gender-specific analyses. The present study assesses health consequences in young adulthood of self-reported victimization in adolescence using data from Child-LNU in 2000 and the follow-up in 2010 (including 63% of the original sample, n = 813). At ages 10–18 a clear cross-sectional association was found for both girls and boys. Among girls, exposure to bullying also predicted psychological complaints 10 years later, at ages 20–28 (OR = 2.86). This association was not explained by socioeconomic circumstances, neither in adolescence nor in young adulthood. Instead, it can partly be understood as victimization, among adolescent girls, being associated with negative self-image and psychological health as well as with deficits in social resources more generally.     

MARKETIZED MENTALITY,COMPETITIVE/EGOISTIC SCHOOL CULTURE,AND DELINQUENT ATTITUDES AND BEHAVIOR: AN APPLICATION OF INSTITUTIONAL ANOMIE THEORY*

We analyze the individual‐level and school‐level determinants of delinquency through the lens of a macro‐sociological theory of crime—institutional anomie theory (IAT). The concept of a “marketized mentality” is introduced as a predictor of students’ delinquency, along with an egoistic/competitive school culture—a feature of the school community. Five hypotheses pertaining to the readiness to use violence and self‐reported delinquency were assessed using multilevel modeling with data from a survey in Germany for 4,150 students clustered in 69 schools. The results largely meet theoretical expectations. The measure of marketized mentality exhibits robust relationships with both forms of delinquency at the individual level, and an egoistic/competitive school culture helps explain variation in levels of these forms of delinquency across schools. Also consistent with expectations, the anti‐social effects of marketized mentality are accentuated for both the readiness to use violence and committing instrumentally motivated property offenses as a competitive/egoistic school climate increases. The results of our analyses reveal that bringing in concepts of IAT can appreciably enhance understanding of the characteristics of students and features of communal school organization that are conducive to youthful offending.     

Institutional constraints on cabinet formation: Veto points and party system dynamics

Research on government formation in parliamentary democracies has presented contradicting evidence on the role of political veto institutions and parliamentary polarization on the formation of cabinet types. Institutional rules may either provide significant leeway for political parties or seriously constrain them when forming sustainable coalitions. In contrast to previous studies we argue that the effect of political institutions is conditional on the degree of polarization in parliament. We test our hypotheses using original data on 842 cabinet formations in 33 advanced democracies between 1945–2018. In line with previous research, we find that the institutional rules have a pronounced effect on the type of cabinet formed, but that institutional rules moderate the effect of party system polarization. Thus, our findings provide important new insights on cabinet formation which are particularly relevant for today's increasingly polarized parliaments.     

Han nation population in Shangdong province of china data for nine STR loci

Allele frequencies for nine STR loci (D3S1358, TH01, TPOX, CSF1PO, D16S539, D7S820, D2S1338, D8S1179, D18S535) were obtained from a sample of 100/86 unrelated healthy individual born in Shangdong province of China. chi(2)-Test indicated that the distribution of genotypes agreed with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium.     

中国5个汉族群体PentaD和PentaE基因座的遗传多态性

目的研究PentaD、PentaE基因座在中国广西、湖南、河南、四川、台湾汉族5个群体遗传多态性,比较它们之间的遗传学差异。方法用ProwerPlex(?)16 System荧光标记试剂盒(Promega公司)检测其多态性。结果PentaD、PentaE基因座在5个群体共646名无关个体中分别检出10、19个等位基因,PentaD在湖南汉族首次检出等位基因19。PentaE在河南汉族首次检出等位基因7。PentaD和PentaE在各群体的期望杂合度分别为0.7746～0.8047和0.9005-0.9219,多态信息含量(PIC)为0.7710～0.8025和0.8969-0.9176,个体识别率为0.9223-0.9341和0.9471-0.9782,非父排除率(PE)为0.5435-0.6325和0.6785-0.8465。结论PentaD、PentaE是高度多态性STR基因座,在法医学中有重要应用价值。     

加快农业科技创新推进现代农业发展

技术进步是发展现代农业的决定力量,推进现代农业发展就必须下大力气加快农业科技创新步伐。本文根据现代农业发展的需求提出了农业科技创新的重点领域和加快农业科技创新的对策建议。     

新时代曙光下刑法理论的反思与展望——2006刑法理论国际研讨会综述

我们正处在一个以全球化为基本特征,以“以人为本,和谐社会”为内在要求和历史使命的新时代,这一时代背景要求我们对我国现有的刑法理论进行反思和批判,以进一步推动刑法改革,重构各国的刑法制度和刑法理论。     

大学二级学院办学绩效评估指标体系的构建

构建合理、有效的大学二级学院办学绩效评估指标体系,并据此对二级学院的办学绩效进行全面评估,是提高大学整体办学质量的重要手段之一.探讨构建二级学院办学绩效评估指标体系的目的、原则、指标选择和实施中应注意的问题,对实际工作有重要的指导意义和参考价值.